{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T05:02:51Z","timestamp":1785301371625,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32172923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172923"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32273086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32273086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Hydrogen sulfide (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S) is a pervasive environmental toxicant with well-established immunotoxic effects. However, its action on lymphoid organs\u2014particularly whether it triggers splenic pyroptosis\u2014remains elusive. This study explored the effect of acute H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S exposure on rat spleen and the therapeutic potential of Xuebijing (XBJ), a traditional Chinese medicine for sepsis. Rats were exposed to 300 ppm H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S for 3 h, with or without 7-day XBJ pretreatment (4 mg\/kg, i.p.). Splenic injury was evaluated by histopathology, ultrastructure, oxidative stress parameters, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting. H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S exposure alone caused marked splenic damage, evidenced by increased organ coefficient, disrupted tissue architecture, mitochondrial swelling, and redox imbalance [depleted glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT); elevated malondialdehyde (MDA)]. Mechanistically, H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S activated the NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3\/caspase-1 axis, upregulating NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, and GSDMD-N, along with elevated interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). XBJ pretreatment reversed these alterations, suppressing NF-\u03baB phosphorylation, inflammasome assembly, and pyroptotic cell death. These findings demonstrate that H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S induces splenic pyroptosis via the NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3\/caspase-1 pathway, and that XBJ confers protection by interrupting this cascade, offering a mechanism-based candidate for the treatment of acute H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S poisoning.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1914569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T04:36:34Z","timestamp":1785299794000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Xuebijing alleviates acute hydrogen sulfide-induced pyroptosis in rat spleen via suppression of the caspase-1\/NLRP3 pathway"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lulu","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou 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