{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T05:19:07Z","timestamp":1788153547686,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Chronic wound infections in animals represent a growing clinical challenge due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and their ability to form biofilms, which significantly reduce treatment efficacy and promote persistent infection. This study aimed to characterize the bacterial profile, antimicrobial resistance patterns, biofilm-forming capacity, and anti-biofilm activity of agents against bacterial isolates recovered from chronic wound specimens. A total of 96 wound samples were analyzed, of which 84 (87.5%) yielded positive bacterial growth. The predominant bacterial isolates were\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (33.3%), followed by\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    (27.4%),\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (19.0%), and\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. (11.9%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high resistance to \u03b2-lactam antibiotics, with ampicillin showing the highest resistance rate (78.6%), whereas imipenem exhibited the lowest resistance (14.3%). Overall, 63.5% of isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant. Biofilm analysis demonstrated that 38.1% of isolates were strong biofilm producers, with strong biofilm-forming strains exhibiting higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values compared with weak and non-biofilm producers. Evaluation of anti-biofilm agents showed that silver nanoparticles, chitosan nanoparticles, and DNase enzyme reduced biofilm biomass by 72%, 65%, and 58%, respectively. These findings highlight the critical role of biofilm-mediated resistance in chronic wound infections and emphasize the need for integrated antimicrobial and anti-biofilm strategies for effective management of MDR bacterial infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1916814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T04:29:51Z","timestamp":1788150591000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multidrug resistance and biofilm formation among bacterial isolates from chronic wounds in animals: evaluation of anti-biofilm activity"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Safia","family":"Arbab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of Nursing & Materials\/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University\/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanif","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of Nursing & Materials\/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University\/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Suleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Government Post Graduate College","place":["Swabi, Pakistan"]},{"name":"Higher Education Department, Civil Secretariat Peshawar","place":["Peshawar, Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mazen","family":"Almehmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University","place":["Taif, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamdouh","family":"Allahyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University","place":["Taif, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulelah","family":"Aljuaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University","place":["Taif, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Jambi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University","place":["Taif, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa H.","family":"Halawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University","place":["Jazan, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1812558","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1812558","article-title":"Methanolic plant extracts: emerging biotherapeutic alternatives for animal wound infection control","volume":"13","author":"Arbab","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13020109","article-title":"Bacterial biofilm in chronic wounds and possible therapeutic approaches","volume":"13","author":"Cavallo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biology."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s42250-026-01618-8","article-title":"Computational Analysis and in Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Compounds from Hot Spring Streptomyces sp. 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