{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:50:05Z","timestamp":1791352205327,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Lowering dietary energy density cuts feed costs but impairs broiler growth due to the limited fat digestion capacity of young birds. Supplementing low energy diets with lysolecithin (a hydrolyzed soy lecithin product) has been reported to counteract this limitation, as its emulsifying action may enhance fat digestion and energy utilization and thereby help to restore performance. This study is designed to evaluate the effects of lysolecithin supplementation on growth performance, remodeling of lipid genes metabolism and intestinal microbiota, antioxidant status, immunological response, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens fed low-energy diets. A total of three hundred twenty (320) broiler chicks (Ross 308 breed) were obtained from a commercial hatchery and randomly allocated to four nutrition regimens (8 replicates\/group, 10 chicks\/replicate): Group 1, control basal diet with standard energy and no emulsifier (CS); Group 2, control low-energy diet with 80\u202fkcal\/kg lower metabolizable energy and no emulsifier (CLow); and Groups 3 and 4, control low-energy diets supplemented with lysolecithin at 125 and 250\u202fmg\/kg diet, respectively (CLowE125 and CLowE250). Lysolecithin-supplemented groups significantly outperformed the unsupplemented low-energy group in terms of total body weight, final body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.01) without having an impact on feed intake. Serum triglycerides were decreased in the lysolecithin-treated groups compared with the standard-energy group, whereas serum cholesterol was reduced in the low-energy and 125\u202fmg\/kg lysolecithin groups. Dietary lysolecithin supplementation dose-dependently remodeled the expression of key intestinal and hepatic lipid transport and metabolism genes (\n                    <jats:italic>SLC27A4, PPAR\u03b1, PPAR\u03b3, ACSL1, CD36, NPC1L1, MGAT2, MTTP, APOB,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>FABP<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), with the 250\u202fmg\/kg dose eliciting the most pronounced upregulation. Supplementing the low-energy diet with lysolecithin restored the depleted beneficial genera (\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations) as quantified by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Adding lysolecithin at a level of 250\u202fmg\/kg to the low-energy diet improved (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001) oxidative and immune status by lowering malondialdehyde and increasing catalase, superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, total antioxidant capacity, and serum IgM. By increasing villus height and the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001), duodenal morphology was positively impacted by lysolecithin supplementation. Overall, the lysolecithin emulsifier is a promising nutritional approach that enhances feed and economic efficiency while maintaining production standards under energy-restricted diets.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1921649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:53:16Z","timestamp":1791348796000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Response of broiler chickens fed low-energy diets to increase levels of lysolecithin: linking growth performance with lipid metabolism gene expression, gut microbial modulation, intestinal morphology, and economic efficiency"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hanan S.","family":"Al-Khalaifah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research","place":["Kuwait City, Kuwait"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wafaa A.","family":"Eleraky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University","place":["Zagazig, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabry A. A.","family":"El-Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University","place":["Zagazig, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basant M.","family":"Shafik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Wealth Development, Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University","place":["Toukh, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmaa T. Y.","family":"Kishawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University","place":["Zagazig, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doaa","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University","place":["Zagazig, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimaa A. E.","family":"Atwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University","place":["Toukh, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherief M.","family":"Abdel-Raheem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa","place":["Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa","family":"El-Shahat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Economic and Farm Management, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University","place":["Zagazig, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Youssif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University","place":["Zagazig, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anaam E.","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University","place":["Zagazig, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2021.100284","article-title":"Physiological growth trend of current meat broilers and dietary protein and energy management approaches for sustainable broiler production","volume":"15","author":"Maharjan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2024.2373287","article-title":"Insights of early feeding regime supplemented with glutamine and various levels of omega-3 in broiler chickens: growth performance, muscle building, antioxidant capacity, intestinal barriers health and defense against mixed Eimeria spp infection","volume":"44","author":"Kishawy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet Q"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.612063","article-title":"Influence of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract on growth, gene expression of gut integrity, and Campylobacter jejuni colonization in broiler chickens","volume":"7","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.21608\/bvmj.2025.413710.1978","article-title":"Growth performance and carcass traits of two broiler strains fed a diet supplemented with cinnamon powder","volume":"49","author":"Hussein","year":"2025","journal-title":"Benha Vet Med J"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1093\/japr\/7.4.437","article-title":"Metabolic responses to early nutrition","volume":"7","author":"Noy","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Appl Poult Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2015.06.007","article-title":"Effect of emulsifier (lysophospholipids) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood profile in weanling pigs","volume":"207","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451900182X","article-title":"Nutritional and physiological responses of broiler chickens to dietary supplementation with de-oiled soyabean lecithin at different metabolisable energy levels and various fat sources","volume":"122","author":"Majdolhosseini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102145","article-title":"Effects of an emulsifier blend supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and muscle fatty acid profile of broiler chickens fed with different levels of energy and protein","volume":"101","author":"Ahmadi-Sefat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1183","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90899.2008","article-title":"Intestinal lipid absorption","volume":"296","author":"Iqbal","year":"2009","journal-title":"American J. 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