{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T05:20:32Z","timestamp":1787721632774,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lactation is a critical reproductive trait that influences offspring survival and livestock productivity in equine production. Characterizing physiological transitions during the perinatal period can improve our understanding of how mares adapt to late gestation, parturition, and early lactation. However, in horses\u2014a typical monogastric herbivore with unique digestive characteristics\u2014the associations between gut microbiota and perinatal physiological adaptation, as well as related stage-associated microbial and metabolic features, remain largely uncharacterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, parallel profiling of serum physiology, fecal microbiota, and fecal metabolome was performed to identify candidate stage-associated microbial and metabolic features across three perinatal stages (pre-foaling, PF; post-foaling, PoF; early lactation, EL) in 19 multiparous Mongolian mares selected from a local breeding herd with records of normal foaling and healthy weaning. We further systematically determined serum biochemical indicators, reproductive hormones and immune parameters to interpret host physiological adaptive characteristics linked to lactogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Obvious stage-specific physiological patterns were observed: triglycerides, urea and mineral elements were present at higher serum concentrations during the pre-foaling period, which may support fetal gestation; serum glucose was higher after parturition, which may meet the energy demands of delivery and early lactation; serum IgA concentration was higher in early lactation, which may be consistent with enhanced mucosal immune activation. Of note, serum IgA does not directly reflect colostral IgA concentrations or foal passive immunity. Alpha diversity of fecal microbiota was lower during the post-foaling stage, and each perinatal stage was associated with distinct fecal microbial community structures. Microbial taxa potentially associated with carbohydrate fermentation were more abundant in the pre-foaling period; the post-foaling stage was associated with an increased relative abundance of\n                      <jats:italic>Akkermansia<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which is consistent with a possible role in intestinal barrier maintenance, along with increased PICRUSt2-predicted abundance of galactose metabolism pathways; microbial taxa potentially related to lipid metabolism and bile secretion features were predominant in early lactation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study systematically characterized stage-specific remodeling patterns of fecal microbiota and fecal metabolome during the perinatal transition in Mongolian mares. The identified fecal microbial taxa and metabolites are described as candidate stage-associated discriminatory features rather than validated biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1922191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T04:51:26Z","timestamp":1787719886000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum physiology, fecal microbiota, and metabolome signatures associated with perinatal stage transitions in Mongolian mares"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yuanyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","place":["Hohhot, China"]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Science Research and Technology Innovation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["Hohhot, China"]},{"name":"College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","place":["Hohhot, China"]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Science Research and Technology Innovation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["Hohhot, China"]},{"name":"College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","place":["Hohhot, China"]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Science Research and Technology Innovation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["Hohhot, China"]},{"name":"College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyou","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","place":["Hohhot, China"]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Science Research and Technology Innovation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["Hohhot, China"]},{"name":"College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","place":["Hohhot, China"]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Science Research and Technology Innovation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["Hohhot, China"]},{"name":"College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongyi","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","place":["Hohhot, China"]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Science Research and Technology Innovation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["Hohhot, China"]},{"name":"College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manglai","family":"Dugarjaviin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","place":["Hohhot, China"]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Science Research and Technology Innovation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["Hohhot, China"]},{"name":"College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinzhuang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","place":["Hohhot, China"]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Science Research and Technology Innovation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["Hohhot, China"]},{"name":"College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6538","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024-26177","article-title":"Invited review: somatotropin and lactation biology","volume":"108","author":"Collier","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15835\/nsb919939","article-title":"Haematology and clinical biochemistry findings associated with equine diseases - a review","volume":"9","author":"Agina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Notulae Sci Biol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-35271-3_1","article-title":"Feeding of the pregnant and lactating mare","volume-title":"Feeding and Management of Foals and Growing Horses","author":"Vervuert","year":"2023"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2804","DOI":"10.2527\/1995.7392804x","article-title":"Regulation of organic nutrient metabolism during transition from late pregnancy to early lactation","volume":"73","author":"Bell","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14061163","article-title":"Progress in research on key factors regulating lactation initiation in the mammary glands of dairy cows","volume":"14","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-025-00752-4","article-title":"Lactobacillus amylovorus extracellular vesicles mitigate mammary gland ferroptosis via the gut-mammary gland axis","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-023-00987-1","article-title":"Complex regulatory effects of gut microbial short-chain fatty acids on immune tolerance and autoimmunity","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.10.002","article-title":"Eating for two: how metabolism establishes interspecies interactions in the gut","volume":"10","author":"Fischbach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00296","article-title":"Redundancy, resilience, and host specificity of the ruminal microbiota: implications for engineering improved ruminal fermentations","volume":"6","author":"Weimer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.03017","article-title":"The equine gastrointestinal microbiome: impacts of age and obesity","volume":"9","author":"Morrison","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.15.0587","article-title":"Comparison of fecal microbiota of mongolian and thoroughbred horses by high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene","volume":"29","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian-Australas J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2026.101816","volume":"20","author":"Marie-Etancelin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Animal."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.79.8.811","article-title":"Characterization of the fecal microbiota of healthy horses","volume":"79","author":"Stewart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture16090936","article-title":"Effects of dietary protein on weight gain, biochemical parameters, and gut microbiota in late-gestation grazing mongolian mares","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Agriculture."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2011.08.015","article-title":"Hematological and biochemical profiles in peripartum mares and neonatal foals (heavy draft horse)","volume":"32","author":"Aoki","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Equine Veter Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2013.11.001","article-title":"Hematologic and biochemical profiles in Standardbred mares during peripartum","volume":"81","author":"Mariella","year":"2014","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-025-03715-5","article-title":"Ultrasonographic appearance, reproductive hormone profile, and pregnancy rate in the Dareshoor mare","volume":"34","author":"Banimehdi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comp Clin Pathol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85504","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.20198","article-title":"Effects of sodium fluoride on blood cellular and humoral immunity in mice","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2011.335","article-title":"Procedures for large-scale metabolic profiling of serum and plasma using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry","volume":"6","author":"Dunn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Protoc."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007","article-title":"Smyth, limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies","volume":"43","author":"Ritchie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W388","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab382","article-title":"MetaboAnalyst 5.0: narrowing the gap between raw spectra and functional insights","volume":"49","author":"Pang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17304","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417304","article-title":"Berberine protects against high-energy and low-protein diet-induced hepatic steatosis: modulation of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism in laying hens","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00505.x","article-title":"Endocrine adaptations in the foal over the perinatal period","author":"Fowden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Equine Vet J Suppl."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2404983","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202404983","article-title":"The placenta regulates intrauterine fetal growth via exosomal PPAR\u03b3","volume":"12","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Sci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4904","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08761-5","article-title":"Rumen and lower gut microbiomes relationship with feed efficiency and production traits throughout the lactation of Holstein dairy cows","volume":"12","author":"Monteiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-025-02318-0","article-title":"Rumen microbiota modulates metabolic stress in high-yield dairy cows: insights from early to peak lactation","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Microbiome."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12411","article-title":"Metabolic profile of broodmares during late pregnancy and early post-partum","volume":"49","author":"Bazzano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110128","DOI":"10.22456\/1679-9216.110128","article-title":"Changes in cholesterol, triglycerides and body composition in pregnant mares","volume":"49","author":"Mazzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Sci Vet."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.13033","article-title":"Energy and mineral metabolism of peripartum mares and foals of the Quarter Horse breed","volume":"50","author":"Nasciutti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2004.06.013","article-title":"Dry matter intake and energy balance in the transition period","volume":"20","author":"Grummer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14162383","article-title":"Effect of dietary energy level during late gestation on mineral contents in colostrum, milk, and plasma of lactating jennies","volume":"14","author":"Hui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.2527\/2003.8171764x","article-title":"Glucose clearance in grazing mares is affected by diet, pregnancy, and lactation","volume":"81","author":"Hoffman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2010.01726.x","article-title":"Concentrations of total proteins and albumins, and AST, AP, CK and GGT activities in the blood serum Boer and Saanen goats during puerperium","volume":"46","author":"Djuricic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3775","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i29.3775","article-title":"Alanine and aspartate aminotransferase and glutamine-cycling pathway: their roles in pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Sookoian","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1978.39.12.1964","article-title":"Plasma luteinzing hormone, progestogens, and estrogens in mares during gestation, parturition, and first postpartum estrus (foal estrus)","volume":"39","author":"Noden","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-017-1248-1","article-title":"Performance, endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive responses of Nellore heifers submitted to different supplementation levels pre- and post-weaning","volume":"49","author":"da Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1093\/af\/vfad003","article-title":"Lactation in horses","volume":"13","author":"Reiter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim Front."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3954","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14223954","article-title":"Koumiss (fermented mare's milk) as a functional food: bioactive proteins, peptides, and future perspectives","volume":"14","author":"Shokrollahi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Foods."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02123","article-title":"Dramatic Remodeling of the Gut Microbiome Around Parturition and Its Relationship With Host Serum Metabolic Changes in Sows","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729039","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.729039","article-title":"Deep investigating the changes of gut microbiome and its correlation with the shifts of host serum metabolome around parturition in sows","volume":"12","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948545","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.948545","article-title":"Parturition and postpartum dietary change altered ruminal pH and the predicted functions of rumen bacterial communities but did not alter the bacterial composition in Holstein cows","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41484","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041484","article-title":"Comparison of the fecal microbiota of healthy horses and horses with colitis by high throughput sequencing of the V3-V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene","volume":"7","author":"Costa","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5622","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.5622","article-title":"Targeted metabolomics analysis for serum Helicobacter pylori-positive based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed Chromatogr BMC."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700406","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2025.1700406","article-title":"The role of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in modulating poultry immunometabolism","volume":"16","author":"Oke","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.013102-0","article-title":"Negativicoccus succinicivorans gen. nov, sp nov, isolated from human clinical samples, emended description of the family Veillonellaceae and description of Negativicutes classis nov, Selenomonadales ord nov and Acidaminococcaceae fam nov in the bacterial phylum Firmicutes","volume":"60","author":"Marchandin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-024-02482-0","article-title":"Distribution of bacillota in water and sediments from aquatic environments","volume":"88","author":"Argentino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microb Ecol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.4.894","article-title":"Distinct composition of gut microbiota during pregnancy in overweight and normal-weight women","volume":"88","author":"Collado","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s42523-023-00237-9","article-title":"Wildlife gut microbiomes of sympatric generalist species respond differently to anthropogenic landscape disturbances","volume":"5","author":"Heni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim Microbiome."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"wrae098","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wrae098","article-title":"Rumen microbiome-driven insight into bile acid metabolism and host metabolic regulation","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12361","article-title":"Changes in the faecal microbiota of mares precede the development of post partum colic","volume":"47","author":"Weese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Equine Vet J."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4745","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83897-4","article-title":"Faecal bacterial composition in horses with and without free faecal liquid: a case control study","volume":"11","author":"Lindroth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1590839","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1590839","article-title":"Exploring the distinctive characteristics of gut microbiota across different horse breeds and ages using metataxonomics","volume":"15","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9066","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1219451110","article-title":"Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity","volume":"110","author":"Everard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0107","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0107","article-title":"Health and disease: akkermansia muciniphila, the shining star of the gut flora","volume":"6","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Research."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14172616","article-title":"Assessing fecal microbial diversity and hormone levels as indicators of gastrointestinal health in reintroduced przewalski's horses (Equus ferus przewalskii)","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5701","article-title":"Skimmed, sterilized, and concentrated bovine late colostrum promotes both prevention and recovery from intestinal tissue damage in mice","volume":"96","author":"Cairangzhuoma","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G521","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00279.2020","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acid butyrate, a breast milk metabolite, enhances immature intestinal barrier function genes in response to inflammation in vitro and in vivo","volume":"320","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation8080414","article-title":"Genomic and transcriptional characteristics of strain Rum-meliibacillus sp. TYF-LIM-RU47 with an aptitude of directly producing acetoin from lignocellulose","volume":"8","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fermentation."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-025-00698-1","article-title":"Gut health for two: the critical role of probiotics and prebiotics in pregnancy and lactation","volume":"14","author":"A\u00e7ar Kuru","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Nutr Rep."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13090769","article-title":"the role of danio rerio in understanding pollutant-induced gut microbiome dysbiosis in aquatic ecosystems","volume":"13","author":"Frolova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxics."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2624","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24142624","article-title":"Genome-wide and functional view of proteolytic and lipolytic bacteria for efficient biogas production through enhanced sewage sludge hydrolysis","volume":"24","author":"Poszytek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1905.05016","article-title":"enhancing butyrate production, ruminal fermentation and microbial population through supplementation with Clostridium saccharobutylicum","volume":"29","author":"Miguel","year":"2019"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.20.0527","article-title":"Effects of bamboo leaf extract on the production performance, rumen fermentation parameters, and rumen bacterial communities of heat-stressed dairy cows","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim Biosci."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9063","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-93710-1","article-title":"Under heat stress conditions, selenium nanoparticles promote lactation through modulation of rumen microbiota and metabolic processes in dairy goats","volume":"15","author":"Ying","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s44297-025-00051-6","article-title":"The seed microbiota from an application perspective: an underexplored frontier in plant-microbe interactions","volume":"3","author":"Rom\u00e3o","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crop Health"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14486","article-title":"Unusual biology across a group comprising more than 15% of domain Bacteria","volume":"523","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16621","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.16621","article-title":"Experimental evidence of d-glutamate racemase activity in the uncultivated bacterium Candidatus Saccharimonas aalborgensis","volume":"26","author":"Pe\u00f1alver","year":"2024"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40548","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-24196-0","article-title":"Preliminary study of gut microbiome influence on black Ivory coffee fermentation in Asian elephants","volume":"15","author":"Chiba","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12121996","article-title":"Characterization of the bacterial community of rumen in dairy cows with laminitis","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7904","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024-24970","article-title":"In silico and in vitro studies revealed that rosmarinic acid inhibited methanogenesis via regulating composition and function of rumen microbiota","volume":"107","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.06.027","article-title":"Improvements in the growth performance, immunity, disease resistance, and gut microbiota by the probiotic Rummeliibacillus stabekisii in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"92","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes7060386","article-title":"Administration of the potential probiotic Paenibacillus ehimensis NPUST1 enhances expression of indicator genes associated with nutrient metabolism, growth and innate immunity against Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus indie infections in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"7","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fishes."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15030354","article-title":"Unravelling faecal microbiota variations in equine atypical myopathy: correlation with blood markers and contribution of microbiome","volume":"15","author":"Fran\u00e7ois","year":"2025","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10415","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20138","article-title":"Graduate student literature review: mitochondrial adaptations across lactation and their molecular regulation in dairy cattle","volume":"104","author":"Favorit","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33268","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033268","article-title":"Old and new stories: revelations from functional analysis of the bovine mammary transcriptome during the lactation cycle","volume":"7","author":"Bionaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.21.0308","article-title":"Identifying long non-coding RNAs and characterizing their functional roles in swine mammary gland from colostrogenesis to lactogenesis","volume":"35","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim Biosci."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13101710","article-title":"Dynamic profile of the yak mammary transcriptome during the lactation cycle","volume":"13","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2019.1677518","article-title":"Evaluation of the oxidative status of periparturient mares supplemented with high amount of \u03b1-tocopherol","volume":"18","author":"Martuzzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ital J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0266542","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266542","article-title":"Physiological and transcriptome analyses highlight multiple pathways involved in drought stress in Medicago falcata","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2022"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-020-00882-y","article-title":"Identification of candidate genes for milk production traits by RNA sequencing on bovine liver at different lactation stages","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Genet."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-025-11784-7","article-title":"Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses unraveled critical roles of small intestine during the weaning period of Vespertilio sinensis","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Genomics."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9915","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024-24658","article-title":"Altered bile acid and correlations with gut microbiome in transition dairy cows with different glucose and lipid metabolism status","volume":"107","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-025-01207-8","article-title":"Effects of supplementing bile acids on the production performance, fatty acid and bile acid composition, and gut microbiota in transition dairy cows","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16142175","article-title":"Analysis of human milk microbiota in northern greece by comparative 16S rRNA sequencing vs. local dairy","volume":"16","author":"Tsifintaris","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim Nutr."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617388","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1617388","article-title":"Host-driven remodeling of rumen microbiota supports lactation metabolism in buffalo","volume":"16","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2413197","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202413197","article-title":"Advances in fecal microbiota transplantation for gut dysbiosis-related diseases","volume":"12","author":"Hou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Sci."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.54.1.20-206.1986","article-title":"Passive transfer of mucosal antibody to Streptococcus equi in the foal","volume":"54","author":"Galan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Infect Immun"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2026.1922191\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T04:51:33Z","timestamp":1787719893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2026.1922191\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"references-count":87,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2026.1922191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2026.1922191","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"article-number":"1922191"}}