{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:25:36Z","timestamp":1787030736132,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cadmium (Cd), a nonessential heavy metal, threatens poultry health through environmental bioaccumulation; however, its adverse effects on the glandular stomach (GS), a critical digestive and immune organ in waterfowl, remain understood. The present study was designed to assess the gastroprotective potential of astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a naturally occurring triterpenoid saponin from\n                      <jats:italic>Astragalus membranaceus<\/jats:italic>\n                      with known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, against Cd-induced glandular gastric injury in ducks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ducks received long-term dietary AS-IV pretreatment prior to Cd challenge, and GS pathological, biochemical, and molecular analyses were subsequently performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AS-IV pretreatment significantly ameliorated Cd-induced pathological lesions, including glandular tubular architecture disruption, epithelial cell swelling, vacuolar degeneration, basement membrane sloughing, and mucosal necrosis, while reducing the GS index. Biochemically, AS-IV restored antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced lipid peroxidation, and downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine production. At the molecular level, AS-IV downregulated the expression of pivotal biomarkers associated with apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis in GS cells. Bioinformatic analysis of protein\u2013protein interactions additionally indicated plausible links between Sirt3 signaling cascades and PANoptosis-related mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Collectively, these results reveal that prophylactic dietary supplementation with AS-IV confers protective efficacy against cadmium-triggered glandular gastric damage in ducks, conceivably via the regulation of PANoptosis-associated pathways mediated by Sirt3. Such evidence underscores the potential of botanical extracts as a viable strategy for safeguarding gastrointestinal integrity in waterfowl exposed to heavy metal-induced toxicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1926940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:29:10Z","timestamp":1787027350000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Astragaloside IV mitigated cadmium-induced glandular gastric injury in ducks by inhibiting PANoptosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueyuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University","place":["Qingdao, Shandong Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xilong","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ecology and Environment, Baotou Teachers' College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology","place":["Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxuan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University","place":["Qingdao, Shandong Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinochem Modern Agriculture (Inner Mongolia) Co., Ltd.","place":["Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baotou Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science","place":["Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guicheng","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University","place":["Qingdao, Shandong Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.123713","article-title":"Polystyrene nanoplastics and cadmium co-exposure aggravated cardiomyocyte damage in mice by regulating PANoptosis pathway","volume":"347","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2026.141141","article-title":"Heavy metal exposure and all health outcomes: an umbrella review of 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