{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:57:06Z","timestamp":1790773026758,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus responsible for acute diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration in piglets, thereby posing a substantial threat to the global swine industry. In December 2024, a severe diarrheal disease outbreak occurred on an intensive pig farm in Hubei Province, located in central China. Here, we describe the isolation and genomic characterization of a novel PDCoV strain, designated SP2403-2, obtained from the intestinal contents of an affected piglet. The virus was successfully propagated in cell culture and confirmed by immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy. The near-complete genome of SP2403-2, comprising 25,244 nucleotides, was sequenced. Comparative genomic analyses showed that SP2403-2 shares 97.0\u201399.2% nucleotide identity with reference PDCoV strains, with the highest similarity (99.2%) to the recently reported Chinese strain JSTZ2025. Phylogenetic analyses based on complete genome, ORF1ab, and S gene sequences demonstrated that SP2403-2 belongs to the Chinese lineage. Notably, alignment of the spike (S) protein of SP2403-2 with that of the vaccine strain CHN-HN-2014 revealed 25 amino acid substitutions. Structural mapping indicated that these mutations are predominantly located on the surface-exposed regions of critical domains within the S protein, potentially influencing antigenic epitopes and receptor-binding properties. Our findings demonstrate that SP2403-2 represents a contemporary Chinese-lineage PDCoV strain carrying substantial S protein variation relative to the vaccine strain, underscoring the imperative for ongoing surveillance of emerging PDCoV variants and re-evaluation of current vaccine efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1934473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:58:31Z","timestamp":1790769511000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Outbreak of porcine deltacoronavirus in pigs in central China, 2024"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Guoliang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaihua Vocational and Technical College","place":["Huaihua, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haichao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinopharm Animal Health Corporation Ltd.","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinopharm Animal Health Corporation Ltd.","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinopharm Animal Health Corporation Ltd.","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanjuan","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinopharm Animal Health Corporation Ltd.","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghuan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinopharm Animal Health Corporation Ltd.","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, 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