{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:53:07Z","timestamp":1790927587460,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biosecurity is essential to protecting cattle health and maintaining continuity of business during high-consequence disease events, yet adoption of preparedness measures remains uneven across the beef supply chain. Using foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) as a motivating case, we examine how Colorado cattle-industry stakeholders define practical biosecurity and what lessons support preparedness before an emergency. Data were collected through 12 focus groups and 18 individual interviews with 75 stakeholders across nine cattle-industry sectors, followed by four cross-sector workshops with 56 participants. FMD was widely perceived as a distant, low-priority threat, while time, labor, cost, operational scale, traceability burdens, seasonal and geographic constraints, and limited veterinary access shaped what stakeholders considered feasible. Workshop participants identified visitor\/vendor hygiene and controlled access as the most feasible measures, while quarantining new or returning animals received the most votes for both impact and urgency, followed by avoiding commingling with animals from other herds (impact) and knowing or asking about disease status of source herds (urgency). Trusted local messengers and cross-sector communication protocols emerged as central to practical, voluntary biosecurity improvement in Colorado. Strengthening biosecurity will require practical tools, trusted communication networks, and cross-sector planning that reflect the day-to-day realities of cattle operations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1937939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T06:59:09Z","timestamp":1790924349000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stakeholder perspectives on biosecurity adoption in the Colorado cattle supply chain: lessons from foot-and-mouth disease preparedness"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tais C.","family":"De Menezes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Colorado State University","place":["Fort Collins, CO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Ravetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociology Department, Colorado State University","place":["Fort Collins, CO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel E.","family":"Lahoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Research in the Social Sciences, Colorado State University","place":["Fort Collins, CO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate J.","family":"Oviatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Research in the Social Sciences, Colorado State University","place":["Fort Collins, CO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Ritten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AgNext, Colorado State University","place":["Fort Collins, CO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Lombard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AgNext, Colorado State University","place":["Fort Collins, CO, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University","place":["Fort Collins, CO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franklyn","family":"Garry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University","place":["Fort Collins, CO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-71","article-title":"Cattle producers\u2019 perceptions of biosecurity","volume":"9","author":"Brennan","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072929","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1072929","article-title":"Understanding biosecurity behaviors of Australian beef cattle farmers using the ten basic human 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States","volume":"13","author":"Smith","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"Secure Beef Supply (SBS) Plan for Continuity of Business","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3305","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13935","article-title":"Cattle farmers\u2019 perception of biosecurity measures and the main predictors of behaviour change: the first European-wide pilot study","volume":"68","author":"Renault","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101315","article-title":"Biosecurity at cattle farms: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats","volume":"10","author":"Renault","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2013.02.018","article-title":"Farmers\u2019 attitudes to disease risk management in England: a comparative 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preparedness","volume":"8","author":"Pudenz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2025.105955","article-title":"Factors impacting beef cattle producers\u2019 perceptions on disease prevention and preparedness in Illinois, USA: the role of farm biosecurity evaluations, veterinary visits, and willingness to invest in disease prevention","volume":"197","author":"Varga","year":"2025","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2026.106918","article-title":"Evaluating biosecurity practices across beef cattle production types in Illinois, USA: differences in disease prevention and preparedness","volume":"254","author":"Varga","year":"2026","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"ref16","volume-title":"Critical Shifts tool","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10070410","article-title":"Factors within a veterinarian-cattle farmer relationship that may impact on biosecurity being carried out on farms: an exploratory study","volume":"10","author":"Grant","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Sci"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary 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