{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:53:36Z","timestamp":1790927616899,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly significant in veterinary medicine, particularly in answering pet owners\u2019 medical questions. AI\u2019s integration could reduce veterinary professionals\u2019 workload while improving access to medical advice. However, the reliability and quality of AI-generated responses compared to veterinarians\u2019 remain unexplored. The objective was to determine whether AI-generated responses were perceived as comparable to veterinarian-generated responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study analysed the answers to a sample of pet owners\u2019 medical questions. Both a veterinarian and ChatGPT (GPT-4o, May 2024) provided answers, which were anonymised and presented in a survey distributed through mailing lists and public Facebook groups. Participants were asked to assess each response based on structure, quality, and empathy, using a five-point Likert scale. They then had to indicate whether they trusted the response, and which response they preferred.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Over two-thirds of the 201 participants (68%) preferred the ChatGPT-generated answers (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05), which were rated higher in structure, quality, and empathy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study has several limitations, including a small sample size, reliance on a single veterinarian, and use of only two Reddit-derived scenarios. Response accuracy was not assessed, and word count restrictions may have affected perceived response quality. Additionally, prior research suggests that irrelevant patient details can impact ChatGPT\u2019s accuracy, raising questions about user trust if clinical inaccuracies were present.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AI-generated responses received higher participant ratings in structure, quality and empathy, suggesting AI may enhance veterinary client communication when used under appropriate professional supervision.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1939644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:05:09Z","timestamp":1790924709000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Perceptions of ChatGPT- and veterinarian-generated responses to pet owners\u2019 medical questions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"A\u00efnoha","family":"Griot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, The Royal School of Veterinary Studies","place":["University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, The Royal School of Veterinary Studies","place":["University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.22.03.0093","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in veterinary medicine","volume":"260","author":"Appleby","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med 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