{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:54:27Z","timestamp":1790747667294,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are fatal neurodegenerative diseases caused by misfolded prion protein. The prion-like protein (Doppel), encoded by the prion-like protein gene (\n                    <jats:italic>PRND<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), is linked to neurodegeneration and TSE susceptibility. While\n                    <jats:italic>PRND<\/jats:italic>\n                    polymorphisms have been studied in various species, their genetic features in non-human primates remain unexplored. Cynomolgus monkeys (\n                    <jats:italic>Macaca fascicularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), which are genetically close to humans, are a valuable model to study the role of\n                    <jats:italic>PRND<\/jats:italic>\n                    polymorphisms in prion disease susceptibility. We performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the monkey\n                    <jats:italic>PRND<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene and investigated genetic polymorphisms in cynomolgus monkeys (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 121). Genotype, allele, and haplotype frequencies, as well as linkage disequilibrium (LD), were analyzed to assess the genetic architecture of the population using Haploview (v4.2). Monkey\n                    <jats:italic>PRND<\/jats:italic>\n                    amino acid sequences were compared with those of several species using ClustalW. The effects of non-synonymous SNPs and the structural analysis of monkey Doppel were evaluated using\n                    <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    tools. We identified 15 novel genetic polymorphisms in the monkey\n                    <jats:italic>PRND<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, including 12 variants located within the open reading frame (ORF), one in the upstream region, and two in the downstream region. In addition, LD analysis revealed several strong LD relationships among\n                    <jats:italic>PRND<\/jats:italic>\n                    polymorphisms in monkeys. ClustalW analysis showed that humans and monkeys shared the same\n                    <jats:italic>PRND<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequence length and exhibited high sequence homology.\n                    <jats:italic>In silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    analyses demonstrated that the non-synonymous SNPs, c.61C&amp;gt;T (L21F) and c.370G&amp;gt;C (D124H), were predicted to have damaging effects. This is the first report on the genetic and structural features of\n                    <jats:italic>PRND<\/jats:italic>\n                    polymorphisms in monkeys, showing that several non-synonymous amino acid substitutions may affect the structural stability of monkey Doppel proteins.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1946289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:54:22Z","timestamp":1790744062000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First report of novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genetic characteristics of the prion-like protein gene (PRND) in cynomolgus monkeys"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chung-Bae","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University","place":["Iksan, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University","place":["Jeonju, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Korea Institute of Toxicology","place":["Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da-In","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University","place":["Iksan, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University","place":["Jeonju, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byung-Hoon","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University","place":["Iksan, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National 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