{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:08:05Z","timestamp":1790690885201,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Infectious diseases in domestic animals\u2014including those with zoonotic potential\u2014impose a substantial global burden on food security, livelihoods, and public health. Environmental surveillance (ES) offers a critical complement to conventional animal-level diagnostics by detecting pathogens or their genetic signatures directly in the matrices through which they persist and spread: water, soil, air, manure, fomites, and arthropod vectors. This review synthesizes evidence across three analytical dimensions\u2014matrix suitability, detection method performance, and wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE)\u2014for 15 viral, bacterial, and parasitological diseases of domestic animals. Key findings reveal that matrix choice profoundly governs detection sensitivity: surface water and wetland sediments support infectious avian influenza virus isolation; pooled environmental feces and slurry outperform individual animal sampling for\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MAP); and electrostatic dust cloths enable simultaneous detection of peste-des-petits ruminants virus (PPRV) and capripoxviruses at livestock markets. Molecular methods, principally quantitative RT-PCR and droplet digital PCR, consistently outperform conventional culture in sensitivity and turnaround time, though viability-linked assays remain an important unresolved need. WBE is increasingly applied beyond human pathogens: piggery effluent surveillance for Japanese encephalitis virus and wastewater metagenomics for antimicrobial resistance exemplify its veterinary potential. Interpretive limitations persist, including matrix-driven inhibition, absence of harmonized protocols, and the challenge of equating nucleic-acid signals with infectious risk. Realizing the full promise of ES within a One Health framework requires standardized, field-validated sampling workflows, viability-linked molecular assays, and formal integration of environmental signals into routine veterinary surveillance and outbreak-response systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1965480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:38:43Z","timestamp":1790689123000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Environmental surveillance: harnessing environmental sample data to protect animal health"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bayyppa Gundallahalli","family":"Manjunatha Reddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uzma","family":"Jabeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hinal","family":"Kharva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research","place":["Bangalore, Karnataka, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muthannan Andavar","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR \u2013 Indian Veterinary Research Institute","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14203043","article-title":"Bat ecology and microbiome of the gut: a narrative review of associated potentials in emerging and zoonotic diseases","volume":"14","author":"Bazzoni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101021","article-title":"Integrating environment into one health approaches: embracing the complexity","volume":"20","author":"Lynggaard","year":"2025","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00895-25","article-title":"Surveillance of Japanese encephalitis virus in piggery effluent and environmental samples: a complementary tool for outbreak 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