{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T06:06:22Z","timestamp":1771999582738,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000145","name":"Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000145","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020797","name":"NanoMedicines Innovation Network","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020797","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontierspartnerships.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n The preparation of nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous media leads to thermodynamic instability and aggregation during storage. The objective of this study was to identify an optimum condition for the storage of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(\u03b1-benzyl carboxylate-\u03b5-caprolactone) (PEG-PBCL) NPs with minimum to no NP aggregation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Nanoparticles were prepared from PEG-PBCL of varied PBCL degrees of polymerization. Prepared NPs were either subjected to freeze-thaw or lyophilization with the addition of sugars or polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of varying molecular weight. The average diameter and polydispersity of NPs before and after freeze-thaw or lyophilization\/reconstitution in water was assessed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to compare the thermal behaviour of NPs before and after selected storage conditions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Irrespective of the DP of PBCL, minimum size growth in the freeze-drying method was achieved when PEG3350 and methoxy-PEG 5000 were used as cryoprotectant at a w\/w ratio of 4:1 to PEG-PBCL. Under this condition, NP size increased about 2-fold after reconstitution. In the freeze-thaw method, both sucrose and PEGs of different molecular weights, protected the PEG-PBCL NPs of different PBCL length from significant size growth where average particle size growth was not more than 1.20 folds.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Our findings suggest that freeze-thawing of PEG-PBCL NP using sucrose or PEG can prevent the NP aggregation and is the best method for PEG-PBCL NP storage.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/jpps.2026.15721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T06:10:18Z","timestamp":1770963018000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effect of cryoprotectant and storage conditions on the aggregation of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(\u03b1-benzyl carboxylate-\u03b5-caprolactone) nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Nasim","family":"Sarrami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta","place":["Edmonton, AB, Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soheyla","family":"Honary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta","place":["Edmonton, AB, Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Vakili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta","place":["Edmonton, AB, Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afsaneh","family":"Lavasanifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta","place":["Edmonton, AB, Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta","place":["Edmonton, AB, Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Research C for DE and. 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