{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T06:07:57Z","timestamp":1778479677400,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontierspartnerships.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dissolution and\/or release profile alone are insufficient to predict the\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      absorption of poorly soluble drugs. Thus, permeation test becomes a critical component for biopharmaceutical assessment. Currently, none of the dissolution-permeation systems include the compendial dissolution, or provide large acceptor volumes, or are compatible with\n                      <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      membranes. Addressing the limitations of the existing dissolution-permeation testing systems, we propose the integration of the Ussing (permeability) chamber to the dissolution apparatus.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The assembled dissolution-permeation system evaluated the effect of 5% and 10% soy L-\u03b1-phosphatidylcholine in dodecane (LiDo) and permeable membrane material on apparent permeability coefficients of naproxen, a BCS II class drug.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Naproxen release from the tablets reached approximately 100% within 30\u00a0min. Naproxen P\n                      <jats:sub>app<\/jats:sub>\n                      across a 0.45\u00a0\u00b5m PVDF membrane was 0.91 \u00b1 0.35 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>-8<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0cm\/s for 5% LiDo, and 0.75 \u00b1 0.23 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>-8<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0cm\/s for 10% LiDo. The 0.20\u00a0\u03bcm\u00a0PC membrane with 5% LiDo showed a P\n                      <jats:sub>app<\/jats:sub>\n                      of 1.99 \u00b1 0.57 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>-8<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0cm\/s.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The proposed compendial dissolution-permeation system with an Ussing chamber allowed for the simultaneous determination of dissolution and permeability of naproxen. All P\n                      <jats:sub>app<\/jats:sub>\n                      values obtained were approximately 100-fold lower than those reported in the literature. The results may have been influenced by the differences in sink conditions and permeable membrane composition. The use of a PC membrane resulted in higher permeability, compared to the PVDF membrane. Adequately improved, this methodology could be transferred for the\n                      <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      membrane dissolution-permeability testing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/jpps.2026.16570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T05:10:15Z","timestamp":1778476215000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dissolution-permeation approach for biopharmaceutical evaluation: a feasibility study using naproxen"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Andrejs","family":"Sitovs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leading Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, R\u012bga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University","place":["Riga, Latvia"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, R\u012bga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University","place":["Riga, 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