{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T05:47:34Z","timestamp":1785822454169,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oncol. Rev."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer biology has been organized for 2\u00a0decades by the hallmarks framework, articulated in 2000 and most recently revised in 2026. The pace of technological change in oncology now requires reframing how cancer is detected, prevented, and treated. This review argues that the hallmarks framework, while historically essential, is no longer sufficient on its own to capture contemporary cancer care, and repositions the discussion around enabling technologies that operate across and beyond individual hallmarks. For diagnosis, multi-omic liquid biopsy, AI-assisted radiomics and digital pathology, spatial transcriptomics, single-cell sequencing, and machine-learning analysis of plasma proteomics now support earlier detection, prediction of cancer risk years before diagnosis, monitoring of clonal evolution, and prediction of treatment response. For prevention, the validated population-level success of Human papillomavirus and HBV vaccination is contrasted with investigational directions including mRNA platforms, CRISPR-enabled antigen optimization, personalized neoantigen prophylaxis, and biomarker-stratified molecular interception, none of which has yet been validated in prospective human cancer-prevention trials. For treatment, the discussion is organized by modality class: immune checkpoint inhibitors and resistance strategies, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies and T-cell engagers, radioligand therapies, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy, CRISPR-edited CAR-T and TCR therapies, photonic and photoimmunologic therapies, RNA therapeutics, and adaptive combination regimens. Comparative tables summarize diagnostic platforms, immunotherapeutic modalities, photonic therapies, CRISPR-edited immunotherapy trials, neoantigen vaccine pipelines, and convergent strategies. The trajectory of oncology will be defined less by incremental refinement of hallmarks and more by convergent technologies that integrate diagnostics, prevention, and treatment into continuous, data-driven systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/or.2026.1804447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T05:38:52Z","timestamp":1785821932000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond the hallmarks of cancer: enabling technologies reshaping cancer diagnosis, prevention, and treatment"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sarfaraz K.","family":"Niazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University","place":["Spokane, WA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA: A Cancer J Clinicians"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81683-9","article-title":"The hallmarks of cancer","volume":"100","author":"Hanahan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation","volume":"144","author":"Hanahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-1059","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer: new dimensions","volume":"12","author":"Hanahan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.12.049","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer: then and now, and beyond","volume":"189","author":"Hanahan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1706174","article-title":"Application of cell-free DNA analysis to cancer treatment","volume":"379","author":"Corcoran","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2017.7","article-title":"Liquid biopsies come of age: towards implementation of circulating tumor DNA","volume":"17","author":"Wan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.05.806","article-title":"Clinical validation of a targeted methylation-based multi-cancer early detection test using an independent validation set","volume":"32","author":"Klein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B9","unstructured":"FDA approves liquid biopsy NGS companion diagnostic test for multiple cancers and biomarkers (foundationOne liquid CDx, P190032)\n          \n          \n          2020"},{"key":"B10","unstructured":"Premarket approval (PMA): guardant360 CDx (P200010)\n          \n          \n          2020"},{"key":"B11","unstructured":"GRAIL submits FDA premarket approval application for the galleri multi-cancer early detection test\n          \n          \n          2026"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar3247","article-title":"Detection and localization of surgically resectable cancers with a multi-analyte blood test","volume":"359","author":"Cohen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.05.005","article-title":"Plasma signals of lung tumor promotion for molecular cancer prevention","volume":"189","author":"Pandya","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4010","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48017-6","article-title":"Identifying proteomic risk factors for cancer using prospective and exome analyses of 1463 circulating proteins and risk of 19 cancers in the UK biobank","volume":"15","author":"Papier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2017.141","article-title":"Radiomics: the bridge between medical imaging and personalized medicine","volume":"14","author":"Lambin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-018-0016-5","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in radiology","volume":"18","author":"Hosny","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B17","unstructured":"De novo classification request for Paige Prostate (DEN200080)\n          \n          \n          2021"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0462-y","article-title":"Deep learning can predict microsatellite instability directly from histology in gastrointestinal cancer","volume":"25","author":"Kather","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf2403","article-title":"Visualization and analysis of gene expression in tissue sections by spatial transcriptomics","volume":"353","author":"Stahl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"aaa6090","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa6090","article-title":"Spatially resolved, highly multiplexed RNA profiling in single cells","volume":"348","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.03.053","article-title":"The human tumor atlas network: charting tumor transitions across space and time at single-cell resolution","volume":"181","author":"Rozenblatt-Rosen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B22","unstructured":"AI\/ML-based software as a medical device (SaMD) action plan\n          \n          \n          2021"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1917338","article-title":"HPV vaccination and the risk of invasive cervical cancer","volume":"383","author":"Lei","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02178-4","article-title":"The effects of the national HPV vaccination programme in England, UK, on cervical cancer and grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia incidence: a register-based observational study","volume":"398","author":"Falcaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djp288","article-title":"Decreased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B vaccinees: a 20-year follow-up study","volume":"101","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2025.01.010","article-title":"CRISPR-Cas: a game-changer in vaccine development and the fight against viral infections","volume":"33","author":"Prins","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547025","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1547025","article-title":"mRNA vaccine platforms: linking infectious disease prevention and cancer immunotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Haghmorad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.015","article-title":"Key parameters of tumor epitope immunogenicity revealed through a consortium approach improve neoantigen prediction","volume":"183","author":"Wells","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.025","article-title":"Immune checkpoint therapy: current perspectives and future directions","volume":"186","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar4060","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade","volume":"359","author":"Ribas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.01.017","article-title":"Primary, adaptive, and acquired resistance to cancer immunotherapy","volume":"168","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1604958","article-title":"Mutations associated with acquired resistance to PD-1 blockade in melanoma","volume":"375","author":"Zaretsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2109970","article-title":"Relatlimab and nivolumab versus nivolumab in untreated advanced melanoma","volume":"386","author":"Tawbi","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801005","article-title":"Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"378","author":"Gandhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1915745","article-title":"Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"382","author":"Finn","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30413-9","article-title":"Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus sunitinib in first-line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma: extended follow-up of efficacy and safety results from a randomized, controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"20","author":"Motzer","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2115022","article-title":"Trastuzumab deruxtecan versus trastuzumab emtansine for breast cancer","volume":"386","author":"Cortes","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2203690","article-title":"Trastuzumab deruxtecan in previously treated HER2-low advanced breast cancer","volume":"387","author":"Modi","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2028485","article-title":"Sacituzumab govitecan in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"384","author":"Bardia","year":"2021","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2312117","article-title":"Enfortumab vedotin and pembrolizumab in untreated advanced urothelial cancer","volume":"390","author":"Powles","year":"2024","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1609783","article-title":"Blinatumomab versus chemotherapy for advanced acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"376","author":"Kantarjian","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2203478","article-title":"Teclistamab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"387","author":"Moreau","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2204591","article-title":"Talquetamab, a T-cell-redirecting GPRC5D bispecific antibody for multiple myeloma","volume":"387","author":"Chari","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2209903","article-title":"Glofitamab for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"387","author":"Dickinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01725","article-title":"Epcoritamab, a novel, subcutaneous CD3xCD20 bispecific T-cell-engaging antibody, in relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma: dose expansion in a phase 1\/2 trial","volume":"41","author":"Thieblemont","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107322","article-title":"Lutetium-177-PSMA-617 for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"385","author":"Sartor","year":"2021","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607427","article-title":"Phase 3 trial of 177Lu-DOTATATE for midgut neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"376","author":"Strosberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B48","unstructured":"FDA grants accelerated approval to lifileucel for unresectable or metastatic melanoma\n          \n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e005755","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-005755","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of lifileucel, a one-time autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte cell therapy, in patients with advanced melanoma after progression on immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies: pooled analysis of consecutive cohorts of the C-144-01 study","volume":"10","author":"Chesney","year":"2022","journal-title":"J ImmunoTherapy Cancer"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354825","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1354825","article-title":"Revolutionizing cancer treatment: enhancing CAR-T cell therapy with CRISPR\/Cas9 gene editing technology","volume":"15","author":"Tao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-025-00371-7","article-title":"Harnessing the potential of gene editing technology for CAR-T cell therapy of solid tumors","volume":"45","author":"Khodabandehloo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflamm Regen"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09507-9","article-title":"Systematic discovery of CRISPR-boosted CAR T cell immunotherapies","volume":"646","author":"Datlinger","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20150942","article-title":"New photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy","volume":"473","author":"Abrahamse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4596","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5596","article-title":"A graphene quantum dot photodynamic therapy agent with high singlet oxygen generation","volume":"5","author":"Ge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13923","DOI":"10.1039\/D5SC03226A","article-title":"A single-molecule graphene quantum dot photosensitizer for photodynamic cancer therapy","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem Sci"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10796","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910796","article-title":"Combining photodynamic therapy and targeted drug delivery systems: enhancing mitochondrial toxicity for improved cancer outcomes","volume":"25","author":"Merlin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-0410-2","article-title":"Clinical development and potential of photothermal and photodynamic therapies for cancer","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2409157","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202409157","article-title":"Recent advances in strategies to enhance photodynamic and photothermal therapy performance of single-component organic phototherapeutic agents","volume":"12","author":"Fang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1093\/abt\/tbaf001","article-title":"Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy: mechanisms, applications, and future perspectives in cancer research","volume":"8","author":"Allen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antibody Ther"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.1c00163","article-title":"Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy of cancer","volume":"54","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acc Chem Res"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2554","article-title":"Cancer cell-selective in vivo near-infrared photoimmunotherapy targeting specific membrane molecules","volume":"17","author":"Mitsunaga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B62","volume-title":"Report on the deliberation results: Akalux IV Infusion 250 mg (cetuximab sarotalocan sodium [genetical recombination])","year":"2020"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3907","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.17074","article-title":"Feasibility of near-infrared photoimmunotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in unresectable head and neck cancer","volume":"44","author":"Hirakawa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e707","DOI":"10.1002\/agt2.707","article-title":"Carbon quantum dots in biomedical applications: advances, challenges, and future prospects","volume":"6","author":"Pechnikova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aggregate"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s40005-024-00698-3","article-title":"Emerging trends in quantum-dot-based photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment","volume":"55","author":"Nobari","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pharm Invest"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4307","DOI":"10.1039\/D4TB00370E","article-title":"Innovative approaches for cancer treatment: graphene quantum dots for photodynamic and photothermal therapies","volume":"12","author":"Zarepour","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"LBA9512","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2024.42.17_suppl.LBA9512","article-title":"Individualized neoantigen therapy mRNA-4157 (V940) plus pembrolizumab in resected melanoma: 3-year update from the mRNA-4157-P201 (KEYNOTE-942) trial [conference abstract]","volume":"42","author":"Weber","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02268-7","article-title":"Individualised neoantigen therapy mRNA-4157 (V940) plus pembrolizumab versus pembrolizumab monotherapy in resected melanoma (KEYNOTE-942): a randomised, phase 2b study","volume":"403","author":"Khattak","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06063-y","article-title":"Personalized RNA neoantigen vaccines stimulate T cells in pancreatic cancer","volume":"618","author":"Rojas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08508-4","article-title":"RNA neoantigen vaccines prime long-lived CD8+ T cells in pancreatic cancer","volume":"639","author":"Sethna","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B71","unstructured":"BioNTech announces positive topline phase 2 results for mRNA immunotherapy candidate BNT111 in patients with advanced melanoma [press release]\n          \n          \n            \n              BioNTech\n              SE\n            \n          \n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B72","unstructured":"Quantum algorithms for photoreactivity in cancer-targeted photosensitizers [preprint]\n          \n          \n            \n              Zhou\n              Y\n            \n            \n              Singh\n              S\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              T\n            \n          \n          \n          2025"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biodatasci-103123-095644","article-title":"Quantum computing for photosensitizer design in photodynamic therapy","volume":"8","author":"Zehr","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biomed Data Sci"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2024.11.015","article-title":"Clinical advances of mRNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"6","author":"Yaremenko","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"B75","unstructured":"Moderna and merck announce 5-year data for intismeran autogene in combination with KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) demonstrated sustained improvement in the primary endpoint of recurrence-free survival in patients with high-risk stage III\/IV melanoma following complete resection\n          \n          \n          2026"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2200075","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA analysis guiding adjuvant therapy in stage II colon cancer","volume":"386","author":"Tie","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1716948","article-title":"Atezolizumab for first-line treatment of metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC","volume":"378","author":"Socinski","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2012971","article-title":"Azacitidine and venetoclax in previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"383","author":"DiNardo","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B79","unstructured":"Does screening with the galleri test in the NHS reduce late-stage cancer? (NCT05611632)\n          \n          \n          2021"},{"key":"B80","unstructured":"FDA grants accelerated approval to pembrolizumab for first tissue\/site agnostic indication\n          \n          \n          2017"},{"key":"B81","unstructured":"FDA approves pembrolizumab for adults and children with TMB-H solid tumors\n          \n          \n          2020"}],"container-title":["Oncology Reviews"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/or.2026.1804447\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T05:38:55Z","timestamp":1785821935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/or.2026.1804447\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/or.2026.1804447"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/or.2026.1804447","relation":{},"ISSN":["1970-5557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1970-5557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"article-number":"1804447"}}