{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T12:31:40Z","timestamp":1789129900429,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005145","name":"Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005145","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oncol. Rev."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bone metastases constitute one of the most severe complications in patients with advanced malignancies. Conventional treatment approaches face significant limitations: surgical intervention carries a high risk of recurrence; radiotherapy and chemotherapy often cause myelosuppression; and anti-resorptive agents provide only limited control over tumor progression. Although immunotherapy has achieved remarkable success in various solid tumors in recent years, its therapeutic impact on bone metastases remains limited. This limitation is largely attributed to the distinct immunosuppressive microenvironment within bone lesions, which is marked by (1) a substantial decline in both the quantity and functional activity of effector immune cells, coupled with an abnormal accumulation of immunosuppressive cell populations, and (2) the formation of a vicious cycle of \u201ctumor growth-bone metabolic imbalance-immune suppression,\u201d driven by complex signaling interactions among osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and tumor cells. Recently, nanomaterials have emerged as promising therapeutic platforms due to their precise targeting and delivery capacity, inherent immune-stimulatory properties, and potential to restore bone homeostasis. Nonetheless, translating nanoplatforms into clinical practice for skeletal lesions remains a formidable challenge. This review highlights how specialized organic-inorganic hybrids and biomimetic nanoplatforms have achieved the most significant microenvironment remodeling and osteolytic inhibition within intraosseous murine models. Ultimately, we provide an actionable roadmap detailing how integrating multi-omics precision profiles and temporal programmable delivery can bridge the gap between preclinical nanomedicine and clinical oncological translation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/or.2026.1820639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T11:51:50Z","timestamp":1789127510000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of the heterogeneity of the immune microenvironment of bone metastases and new strategies of nanotechnology intervention"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueli","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyu","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaozhong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-025-10262-6","article-title":"State-of-the-art of multidisciplinary approach of bone metastasis-directed therapy: review and challenging questions for preparation of a GEMO practice guidelines","volume":"44","author":"Mesny","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbo.2024.100603","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors, and survival of bone metastases and skeletal-related events in melanoma patients: a systematic review and quality assessment of 29 studies","volume":"46","author":"Shimizu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Bone Oncol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105745","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1105745","article-title":"Research progress of bone metastases: from disease recognition to clinical practice","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6161","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076161","article-title":"Bone metastasis challenge: new ideas and future","volume":"24","author":"Scimeca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-08384-2","article-title":"Engineering the bone metastatic prostate cancer niche through a microphysiological system to report patient-specific treatment response","volume":"8","author":"Sanchez-de-Diego","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429194","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1429194","article-title":"Worldwide research trends on bone metastases of lung cancer: a bibliometric analysis","volume":"14","author":"Rui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.07.019","article-title":"Bone health in cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines","volume":"31","author":"Coleman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/BLO.0b013e3180619533","article-title":"Disease- and recurrence-free survival after surgical resection of solitary bone metastases of the pelvis","volume":"459","author":"Yasko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-018-0336-0","article-title":"Oncological and functional results after surgical treatment of bone metastases at the proximal femur","volume":"18","author":"Guzik","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Surg"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2014.1982","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy and safety of denosumab versus bisphosphonates in breast cancer and bone metastases treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/scd.12877","article-title":"Incidence rate of osteonecrosis of jaw after cancer treated with bisphosphonates and denosumab: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spec Care Dentist"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4050","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33802","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the jaw among patients with cancer treated with denosumab or zoledronic acid: results of a regulator-mandated cohort postauthorization safety study in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden","volume":"127","author":"Ehrenstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2024.100852","article-title":"Understanding the impact of radiation\u2013induced lymphopenia: preclinical and clinical research perspectives","volume":"49","author":"Prades-Sagarra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Radiat Oncol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrae038","article-title":"Lymphopenia after palliative radiotherapy for vertebral metastases","volume":"65","author":"Takeda","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Radiat Res"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2025.110717","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiotherapy for non-spine bone metastases: a meta-analysis and international stereotactic radiosurgery society (ISRS) clinical practice guidelines","volume":"205","author":"Nguyen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10020","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5738","article-title":"Burden of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression among patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study from community oncology practices","volume":"12","author":"Hart","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17050603","article-title":"Nano-drug delivery systems for bone metastases: targeting the tumor-bone microenvironment","volume":"17","author":"Bakir","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2806","article-title":"First-line pembrolizumab for non-small cell lung cancer patients with PD-L1 >\/=50% in a multicenter real-life cohort: the PEMBREIZH study","volume":"9","author":"Amrane","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbo.2023.100505","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors in bone metastasis: clinical challenges, toxicities, and mechanisms","volume":"43","author":"Joseph","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Bone Oncol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-024-01256-7","article-title":"Immunotherapy in the fight against bone metastases: a review of recent developments and challenges","volume":"25","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17121591","article-title":"Immunotherapy in the battle against bone metastases: mechanisms and emerging treatments","volume":"17","author":"Hamza","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17091440","article-title":"Surface modified multifunctional and stimuli responsive nanoparticles for drug targeting: current status and uses","volume":"17","author":"Siafaka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587012","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.587012","article-title":"Nanoparticle surface functionalization: how to improve biocompatibility and cellular internalization","volume":"7","author":"Sanita","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics10040205","article-title":"Targeted nanomedicine to treat bone metastasis","volume":"10","author":"Adjei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02839-0","article-title":"Transformable self-delivered supramolecular nanomaterials combined with anti-PD-1 antibodies alleviate tumor immunosuppression to treat breast cancer with bone metastasis","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019864","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1019864","article-title":"Contribution of immune cells to bone metastasis pathogenesis","volume":"13","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2024.216906","article-title":"MDSCs in bone metastasis: mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"592","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-023-01272-6","article-title":"Single-cell analysis of immune and stroma cell remodeling in clear cell renal cell carcinoma primary tumors and bone metastatic lesions","volume":"16","author":"Mei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.23541","article-title":"Heterogeneity in the immune microenvironment of bone metastasis in driver-positive non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"62","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Carcinog"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765994","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.765994","article-title":"Immune modulation of metastatic niche formation in the bone","volume":"12","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14030757","article-title":"Advancing treatment of bone metastases through novel translational approaches targeting the bone microenvironment","volume":"14","author":"Sethakorn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.03.036","article-title":"Bone metastases diminish extraosseous response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy through osteopontin-producing osteoclasts","volume":"43","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-025-00774-y","article-title":"Modeling the effects of radiation on the bone tumor microenvironment: opportunities for exploring combination therapies in microphysiologic systems","volume":"30","author":"Jackett","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol Lett"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-024-01613-5","article-title":"Targeting initial tumour-osteoclast spatiotemporal interaction to prevent bone metastasis","volume":"19","author":"Gu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-024-10288-0","article-title":"Cancer metastasis through the lymphatic versus blood vessels","volume":"41","author":"Leong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Exp Metastasis"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4310","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13174310","article-title":"Bone metastatic breast cancer: advances in cell signaling and autophagy related mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Othman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3437","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15033","article-title":"PDL1-positive exosomes suppress antitumor immunity by inducing tumor-specific CD8(+) T cell exhaustion during metastasis","volume":"112","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19061709","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mediators of bone metastatic lesions","volume":"19","author":"Battafarano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5727","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14235727","article-title":"Bone metastasis of breast cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies","volume":"14","author":"Pang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-020-00105-1","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and clinical management of cancer bone metastasis","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3479","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-2697","article-title":"Bad to the bone: the role of the insulin-like growth factor axis in osseous metastasis","volume":"25","author":"Rieunier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11148","article-title":"Role of stromal-derived cytokines and growth factors in bone metastasis","volume":"97","author":"David Roodman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8163","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25158163","article-title":"Balancing the scales: the dual role of interleukins in bone metastatic microenvironments","volume":"25","author":"Dawalibi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01083-w","article-title":"Metastasis of breast cancer to bones alters the tumor immune microenvironment","volume":"28","author":"Chao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xgen.2025.100888","article-title":"Single-cell profiling of bone metastasis ecosystems from multiple cancer types reveals convergent and divergent mechanisms of bone colonization","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Genom"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00689-z","article-title":"Clinical implications of T cell exhaustion for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"19","author":"Chow","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0306-5","article-title":"A guide to cancer immunotherapy: from T cell basic science to clinical practice","volume":"20","author":"Waldman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadg3868","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adg3868","article-title":"Cellular and molecular waypoints along the path of T cell exhaustion","volume":"8","author":"Lan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e009367","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-009367","article-title":"Tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells from the bone marrow resist exhaustion and exhibit increased persistence in tumor-bearing hosts as compared with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes","volume":"13","author":"Zawidzka","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-020-01048-4","article-title":"Cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells in cancer and cancer immunotherapy","volume":"124","author":"Raskov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12075","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12075","article-title":"Professional killers: the role of extracellular vesicles in the reciprocal interactions between natural killer, CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells and tumour cells","volume":"10","author":"Del Vecchio","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-021-00742-4","article-title":"Tissue-specific tregs in cancer metastasis: opportunities for precision immunotherapy","volume":"19","author":"Huppert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4615","article-title":"Bone microenvironment-suppressed T cells increase osteoclast formation and osteolytic bone metastases in mice","volume":"37","author":"Arellano","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0105","article-title":"Revolutionizing tumor immunotherapy: unleashing the power of progenitor exhausted T cells","volume":"21","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Med"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13311","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413311","article-title":"Immune regulatory processes of the tumor microenvironment under malignant conditions","volume":"22","author":"Pansy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-022-02264-x","article-title":"Blockade of novel immune checkpoints and new therapeutic combinations to boost antitumor immunity","volume":"41","author":"Archilla-Ortega","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11111643","article-title":"The role of TGF-beta in bone metastases","volume":"11","author":"Trivedi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2019.00160","article-title":"Extracellular matrix in the tumor microenvironment and its impact on cancer therapy","volume":"6","author":"Henke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e138970","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.138970","article-title":"Hypoxia acts as an environmental cue for the human tissue-resident memory T cell differentiation program","volume":"6","author":"Hasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10050989","article-title":"TGF-beta: many paths to CD103(+) CD8 T cell residency","volume":"10","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12050635","article-title":"The synergistic cooperation between TGF-beta and hypoxia in cancer and fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Mallikarjuna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.4161\/onci.1.2.18480","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in the bone marrow microenvironment in patients with prostate cancer","volume":"1","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3536","article-title":"T-bet: a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"13","author":"Lazarevic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01508","article-title":"Interferon-gamma-mediated osteoimmunology","volume":"9","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7493","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087493","article-title":"Tumor-associated macrophage subsets: shaping polarization and targeting","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10061529","article-title":"Osteoimmuno-oncology: therapeutic opportunities for targeting immune cells in bone metastasis","volume":"10","author":"Kahkonen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.021","article-title":"The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease","volume":"50","author":"McGeachy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-019-0111-3","article-title":"RANKL biology: bone metabolism, the immune system, and beyond","volume":"40","author":"Ono","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflamm Regen"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224269","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1224269","article-title":"Factors impacting the benefits and pathogenicity of Th17 cells in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"14","author":"Xing","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.20517\/cdr.2023.63","article-title":"Unlocking antitumor immunity with adenosine receptor blockers","volume":"6","author":"Remley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Drug Resist"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11789","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911789","article-title":"Hypoxia-regulated tumor-derived exosomes and tumor progression: a focus on immune evasion","volume":"23","author":"Shao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641013","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.641013","article-title":"Frontiers of autoantibodies in autoimmune disorders: crosstalk between Tfh\/Tfr and regulatory B cells","volume":"12","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6212","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13246212","article-title":"The diverse roles of gammadelta T cells in cancer: from rapid immunity to aggressive lymphoma","volume":"13","author":"Schonefeldt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-021-00576-0","article-title":"Function of gammadelta T cells in tumor immunology and their application to cancer therapy","volume":"53","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17071063","article-title":"Gammadelta T cells: game changers in immune cell therapy for cancer","volume":"17","author":"Subhi-Issa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-024-01722-1","article-title":"Oral administration of garlic-derived nanoparticles improves cancer immunotherapy by inducing intestinal IFNgamma-producing gammadelta T cells","volume":"19","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-06976-0","article-title":"Natural Killer cells at the frontline in the fight against cancer","volume":"15","author":"Coenon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-02005-w","article-title":"Comprehensive snapshots of natural killer cells functions, signaling, molecular mechanisms and clinical utilization","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70044","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.70044","article-title":"The recruitment and immune suppression mechanisms of Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and their impact on bone metastatic cancer","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Rep (Hoboken)"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-0655","article-title":"Tumor-infiltrating natural killer cells","volume":"11","author":"Cozar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e007886","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-007886","article-title":"Clearing soluble MIC reverses the impaired function of natural killer cells from patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02278","article-title":"NK cell metabolism and tumor microenvironment","volume":"10","author":"Terren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.06.021","article-title":"Dysfunction of natural killer cells by FBP1-Induced inhibition of glycolysis during lung cancer progression","volume":"28","author":"Cong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4034","article-title":"Release of CXCL12 from apoptotic skeletal cells contributes to bone growth defects following dexamethasone therapy in rats","volume":"35","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-23-0762","article-title":"Combining TIGIT blockade with MDSC inhibition hinders breast cancer bone metastasis by activating antitumor immunity","volume":"14","author":"Monteran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06797-9","article-title":"An IL-4 signalling axis in bone marrow drives pro-tumorigenic myelopoiesis","volume":"625","author":"LaMarche","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335366","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1335366","article-title":"Multiple influence of immune cells in the bone metastatic cancer microenvironment on tumors","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20040999","article-title":"The contribution of the immune system in bone metastasis pathogenesis","volume":"20","author":"Xiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00507","article-title":"Osteoclast signal transduction during bone metastasis formation","volume":"8","author":"Gyori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063815","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1063815","article-title":"The RANK\/RANKL\/OPG system and tumor bone metastasis: potential mechanisms and therapeutic strategies","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114043","article-title":"A mechanobiological model of bone metastasis reveals that mechanical stimulation inhibits the pro-osteolytic effects of breast cancer cells","volume":"43","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401113","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1401113","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of bone metastasis in breast cancer","volume":"14","author":"Sui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12051075","article-title":"Unraveling the complex journey of cancer to bone metastasis","volume":"12","author":"Arakil","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3857\/roj.2023.00969","article-title":"The effects of high-dose radiation therapy on bone: a scoping review","volume":"42","author":"Berk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol J"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2846","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052846","article-title":"Bridging the gap in understanding bone metastasis: a multifaceted perspective","volume":"25","author":"Elaasser","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-021-00305-9","article-title":"Metastasis-associated fibroblasts: an emerging target for metastatic cancer","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomark Res"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01744-8","article-title":"Extracellular matrix remodeling in tumor progression and immune escape: from mechanisms to treatments","volume":"22","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0138","article-title":"Roles of cancer-associated fibroblast functional heterogeneity in shaping the lymphatic metastatic landscape: new insights and therapeutic strategies","volume":"21","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Med"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527971","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1527971","article-title":"Regulation of VEGFR3 signaling in lymphatic endothelial cells","volume":"13","author":"Kuonqui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00788","article-title":"Interleukin-6 interweaves the bone marrow microenvironment, bone loss, and multiple myeloma","volume":"9","author":"Harmer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-024-00505-7","article-title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer: therapeutic targets to overcome tumor immune evasion","volume":"13","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671595","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.671595","article-title":"Cancer-associated fibroblast heterogeneity: a factor that cannot be ignored in immune microenvironment remodeling","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01600-2","article-title":"Cancer associated fibroblasts and metabolic reprogramming: unraveling the intricate crosstalk in tumor evolution","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-11-0506","article-title":"Loss of TGF-beta responsiveness in prostate stromal cells alters chemokine levels and facilitates the development of mixed osteoblastic\/osteolytic bone lesions","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Res"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19041121","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells: emerging roles in bone metastasis","volume":"19","author":"Graham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-023-00810-6","article-title":"SCUBE2 mediates bone metastasis of luminal breast cancer by modulating immune-suppressive osteoblastic niches","volume":"33","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.137695","article-title":"SCUBE2 enhances proteolytic Shh processing from the surface of Shh-producing cells","volume":"127","author":"Jakobs","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25021119","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem\/Stromal cells induce myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the bone marrow via the activation of the c-Jun N-Terminal kinase signaling pathway","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00670-9","article-title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as immunosuppressive regulators and therapeutic targets in cancer","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624746","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.624746","article-title":"The macrophage response is driven by mesenchymal stem cell-mediated metabolic reprogramming","volume":"12","author":"Luque-Campos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397005","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1397005","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells-macrophages crosstalk and myeloid malignancy","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01096-0","article-title":"Nanomaterials for cancer therapy: current progress and perspectives","volume":"14","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11010137","article-title":"Inorganic and polymeric nanoparticles for human viral and bacterial infections prevention and treatment","volume":"11","author":"Aguilera-Correa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanomaterials (Basel)"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2015.11.067","article-title":"Polymeric nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery system for cancer therapy","volume":"60","author":"Masood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C-Mater Biol Appl"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12040298","article-title":"Polymeric nanocarriers of drug delivery systems in cancer therapy","volume":"12","author":"Avramovi\u0107","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200215666140605150703","article-title":"Potentials of polymeric nanoparticle as drug carrier for cancer therapy: with a special reference to pharmacokinetic parameters","volume":"15","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Drug Metab"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.06.009","article-title":"Alendronate-functionalized porous nano-crystalsomes mitigate osteolysis and consequent inhibition of tumor growth in a tibia-induced metastasis model","volume":"372","author":"Shukla","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.08.038","article-title":"Systemic delivery of a Gli inhibitor via polymeric nanocarriers inhibits tumor-induced bone disease","author":"Vanderburgh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2024.2404979","article-title":"TGF-beta1 and FOXM1 siRNA co-loaded nanoparticles by disulfide crosslinked PEG-PDMAEMA for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer and its bone metastases in vitro","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Dev Ind Pharm"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1158\/2767-9764.CRC-22-0180","article-title":"Nanoparticle STING agonist reprograms the bone marrow to an antitumor phenotype and protects against bone destruction","volume":"3","author":"Florian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Res Commun"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-024-07410-x","article-title":"Sustained delivery of celecoxib from nanoparticles embedded in hydrogel injected into the biopsy cavity to prevent biopsy-induced breast cancer metastasis","volume":"208","author":"Simmons","year":"2024","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2013.05.020","article-title":"Optimization and charaterization of repaglinide biodegradable polymeric nanoparticle loaded transdermal patchs: in vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"111","author":"Vijayan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601626","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.601626","article-title":"Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery to solid tumors","volume":"12","author":"Gagliardi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5505","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00705","article-title":"Polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery","volume":"124","author":"Beach","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3545","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14173545","article-title":"Insights on development aspects of polymeric nanocarriers: the translation from bench to clinic","volume":"14","author":"Tewari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2792","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22062792","article-title":"Biodegradable nanoparticles-loaded PLGA microcapsule for the enhanced encapsulation efficiency and controlled release of hydrophilic drug","volume":"22","author":"Ryu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2301080","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202301080","article-title":"Hierarchically released liquid metal nanoparticles for mild photothermal therapy\/chemotherapy of breast cancer bone metastases via remodeling tumor stromal microenvironment","volume":"12","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialsau.3c00032","article-title":"Lipid-based nanoparticles for drug\/gene delivery: an overview of the production techniques and difficulties encountered in their industrial development","volume":"3","author":"Mehta","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Mater Au"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.15171\/apb.2015.043","article-title":"Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: structure, preparation and application","volume":"5","author":"Naseri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Pharm Bull"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17014","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c04743","article-title":"Bone-targeting nucleic acid delivery polymer vector for effective therapy of bone metastasis","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1080\/17435889.2024.2382083","article-title":"Prevention of chemotherapy-related bone loss with doxorubicin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles","volume":"19","author":"Radicchi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanomedicine (Lond)."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2400673","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202400673","article-title":"Targeting TUBB3 suppresses anoikis resistance and bone metastasis in prostate cancer","volume":"13","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2174\/156720107782151269","article-title":"Liposomal drug delivery systems: an update review","volume":"4","author":"Samad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Drug Deliv"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100400","article-title":"Nanoparticles in medicine: therapeutic applications and developments","volume":"83","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-005-0247-7","article-title":"Nano-oncology: drug delivery, imaging, and sensing","volume":"384","author":"Portney","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202310252","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202310252","article-title":"Dual-targeting biomimetic semiconducting polymer nanocomposites for amplified theranostics of bone metastasis","volume":"63","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-07685-y","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of TMTP1-modified EVs in overcoming bone metastasis and immune resistance in PIK3CA mutant NSCLC","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2407191","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202407191","article-title":"Biomimetic nano-delivery of small-molecule piceatannol modulates tumor stemness and suppresses colorectal cancer metastasis via Hippo\/YAP1\/SOX9 signaling","volume":"21","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.09.051","article-title":"Bio-inspired engineered ferritin-albumin nanocomplexes for targeted ferroptosis therapy","volume":"351","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7023","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22137023","article-title":"Bioengineered ferritin nanocarriers for cancer therapy","volume":"22","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2024.111037","article-title":"Cryoprotective isoliquiritigenin-zein phosphatidylcholine nanoparticles inhibits breast cancer-bone metastasis by targeting JAK-STAT signaling pathways","volume":"396","author":"Ganesan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.2174\/0109298673259973231023110945","article-title":"Anti-migratory properties of cryoprotective isoliquiritigenin-zein phosphatidylcholine nanoparticles prevent triple-negative breast cancer through PI3K-mTOR and MMP2\/9 pathways","volume":"32","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2201451","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202201451","article-title":"Genetically engineered hematopoietic stem cells deliver TGF-beta inhibitor to enhance bone metastases immunotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116384","article-title":"Intra-bone marrow injection with engineered Lactococcus lactis for the treatment of metastatic tumors: primary report","volume":"173","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123105","article-title":"Molecularly manipulating pyrazinoquinoxaline derivatives to construct NIR-II AIEgens for multimodal phototheranostics of breast cancer bone metastases","volume":"317","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-023-00551-z","article-title":"Nanomaterial-encapsulated STING agonists for immune modulation in cancer therapy","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomark Res"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.09.011","article-title":"Prevention of prostate cancer metastasis by a CRISPR-delivering nanoplatform for interleukin-30 genome editing","volume":"32","author":"Fieni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7699","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c02414","article-title":"Activatable semiconducting polymer nanoinducers amplify oxidative damage via sono-ferroptosis for synergistic therapy of bone metastasis","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2204718","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202204718","article-title":"NIR-II excitation phototheranostic platform for synergistic photothermal therapy\/chemotherapy\/chemodynamic therapy of breast cancer bone metastases","volume":"9","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2021.102383","article-title":"Preferential uptake of antibody targeted calcium phosphosilicate nanoparticles by metastatic triple negative breast cancer cells in co-cultures of human metastatic breast cancer cells plus bone osteoblasts","volume":"34","author":"Bussard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-020-00753-9","article-title":"Graphene-modified CePO4 nanorods effectively treat breast cancer-induced bone metastases and regulate macrophage polarization to improve osteo-inductive ability","volume":"19","author":"Ge","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2020.11.005","article-title":"Bone-targeted calcium phosphate-polymer hybrid nanoparticle Co-Deliver zoledronate and docetaxel to treat bone metastasis of prostate cancer","volume":"110","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"}],"container-title":["Oncology Reviews"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/or.2026.1820639\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T11:51:52Z","timestamp":1789127512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/or.2026.1820639\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"references-count":152,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/or.2026.1820639"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/or.2026.1820639","relation":{},"ISSN":["1970-5557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1970-5557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"article-number":"1820639"}}