{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T07:05:44Z","timestamp":1784099144884,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":174,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oncol. Rev."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Biological models aim to recapitulate the molecular and histologic characteristics, as well as the carcinogenesis of the disease of interest, to enable high-fidelity experimentation and impactful translational development. In high-grade serous carcinoma of ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal origin, there is a need to regularly re-evaluate the experimental models being employed to address research questions. This review aims to provide a resource for better understanding the applications, strengths, and limitations of the available models. This work discusses the origin and carcinogenesis of high-grade serous carcinoma and reviews normal cell-of-origin models, as understanding the cellular origin is critical to experimental efforts focused on pathogenesis, disease progression, and prevention. High-grade serous carcinoma cell lines are discussed, including essential and complementary molecular features, cell line management, and limitations. Next, the review examines advances in organoids, with a specific focus on patient-derived organoids from ascites and single-cell suspensions, organ-on-a-chip platforms, and tissue slice technologies. Finally, given the heterogeneity of epithelial ovarian cancer in general, and high-grade serous carcinoma in particular, and the evolving understanding of the importance of the tumor microenvironment,\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    models capture organism-level complexity. In this review, we focused on high-grade serous carcinoma. In this context, we review patient-derived xenograft (PDX), syngeneic, and genetically engineered mouse models. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, and guidance is provided on the optimal use of these\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    approaches for the study of high-grade serous carcinoma.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/or.2026.1849834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T06:10:54Z","timestamp":1784095854000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Models of high-grade serous carcinoma of tubo-ovarian origin"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Achuth","family":"Padmanabhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County","place":["Baltimore, MD, United States"]},{"name":"University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center","place":["Baltimore, MD, United 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