{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T02:15:09Z","timestamp":1793067309588,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ssph-journal.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rev"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> Some people do not fully recover from an acute viral infection and experience persistent symptoms or incomplete recovery for months or even years. This is not unique to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and history shows that post-viral conditions like post COVID-19 condition, also referred to as Long Covid, are not new. In particular, during and after pandemics caused by respiratory viruses in which large parts of the population were infected or exposed, professional and public attention was increased, not least because of the large number of people affected.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Given the current relevance of the topic, this article aims to narratively review and summarize the literature on post-viral symptoms during past pandemics and to supplement and illustrate it with Swiss examples from the pandemics of 1890, 1918\u20131920 and later.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Post-viral diseases were an increasingly emphasised health topic during and after past pandemics triggered by respiratory infections over the last 150\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> In the next pandemic, it should not be surprising that post-viral conditions will again play a role, and pandemic plans should reflect this.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/phrs.2024.1606966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T04:11:51Z","timestamp":1712549511000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["An Unwanted but Long-Known Company: Post-Viral Symptoms in the Context of Past Pandemics in Switzerland (and Beyond)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Kaspar","family":"Staub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tala","family":"Ballouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milo","family":"Puhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01810-6","article-title":"Unexplained Post-Acute Infection Syndromes","volume":"28","author":"Choutka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e074425","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-074425","article-title":"Recovery and Symptom Trajectories up to Two Years After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Population Based, Longitudinal Cohort Study","volume":"381","author":"Ballouz","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.101995","article-title":"COVID-19 Sequelae in Adults Aged Less Than 50 Years: A Systematic Review","volume":"40","author":"Willi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trav Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e057885","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057885","article-title":"Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Postviral Syndromes, Including Long COVID: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol","volume":"12","author":"Chandan","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1080\/21641846.2020.1778227","article-title":"Post-Viral Fatigue and COVID-19: Lessons From Past Epidemics","volume":"8","author":"Islam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fatigue Biomed Heal Behav"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072521","article-title":"History of Postviral Fatigue Syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Wessely","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-021-01392-2","article-title":"Count the Cost of Disability Caused by COVID-19","volume":"593","author":"Briggs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-022-00414-x","article-title":"Pandemics Disable People \u2014 The History Lesson that Policymakers Ignore","volume":"602","author":"Spinney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110055","article-title":"Into the Looking Glass: Post-Viral Syndrome Post COVID-19","volume":"144","author":"Perrin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2008.08.001","article-title":"Viral Parkinsonism","volume":"1792","author":"Jang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta - 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