{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:45:22Z","timestamp":1788875122486,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971475 81972451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971475 81972451"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["por-journal.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pathol. Oncol. Res."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> To evaluate the expression of emerging immune targets in the tumor-infiltrating immunocytes (TIIs) of human gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) specimens, and to analyze the correlation between the expression patterns and prognosis of GTN patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Between January 2008 and December 2017, patients who were diagnosed histologically with GTN were included in this study. The expression densities of LAG-3, TIM-3, GAL-9, PD-1, CD68, CD8, and FOXP3 in the TIIs were assessed independently by two pathologists blinded to clinical outcomes. The expression patterns and correlation with patient outcomes were analyzed to identify prognostic factors.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> We identified 108 patients with GTN, including 67 with choriocarcinoma, 32 with placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT), and 9 with epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT). Almost all GTN patients showed expression of GAL-9, TIM-3, and PD-1 in TIIs (100%, 92.6%, and 90.7%, respectively); LAG-3 was expressed in 77.8% of the samples. The expression densities of CD68 and GAL-9 were significantly higher in choriocarcinoma than that in PSTT and ETT. The TIM-3 expression density in choriocarcinoma was higher than that in PSTT. In addition, the expression density of LAG-3 in the TIIs of choriocarcinoma and PSTT was higher than that in ETT. There was no statistical difference in the expression pattern of PD-1 among different pathological subtypes. The positive expression of LAG-3 in tumor TIIs was a prognostic factor for disease recurrence, and patients with positive expression of LAG-3 in the TIIs had poorer disease-free survival (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.026).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Our study evaluated the expression of immune targets PD-1, TIM-3, LAG-3, and GAL-9 in the TIIs of GTN patients and found that they were widely expressed but not associated with patients\u2019 prognoses, excepting the positive expression of LAG-3 was a prognostic factor for disease recurrence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/pore.2023.1610918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T04:11:34Z","timestamp":1676520694000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Expression of the immune targets in tumor-infiltrating immunocytes of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liju","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangni","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xirun","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12615","article-title":"Update 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