{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T01:36:44Z","timestamp":1793324204355,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["por-journal.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pathol. Oncol. Res."],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to characterize clinical and prognostical factors of primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in 85 young patients (\u226439\u00a0years, median age: 37\u00a0years; between 2000\u20132018) in comparison with 140 institutional general HNSCC patients (median age: 61.5\u00a0years). The patient\u2019s medical records were collected from the institutional database. The prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption (65.8% and 48.1%) in the young group exceeded the regional population average but was below the institutional (86.4% and 55%) general HNSCC patient population. Primary tumor sites in the group of young patients were as follows: oral cavity (56.4%), oropharynx (17.6%), hypopharynx (11.7%), and larynx (14.1%). Cumulative five-year overall survival was 44.2% in the young group, but significantly better with early T (T1-2 vs. T3-4: 52.6% vs. 26.7%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0058) and N0 status (N0 vs. N+: 65.2% vs. 32.3%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0013). Young age, abstinence, earlier stage and laryngeal tumor site might predict a better prognosis. The age distribution and the high prevalence of traditional risk factors among the young patients as well as the predominance of oral cavity tumor localization suggest that the early onset of tumor development could be originated from the premature failure of the intrinsic protective mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/pore.2023.1611123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T04:11:42Z","timestamp":1682309502000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The characteristics of head and neck squamous cell cancer in young adults: A retrospective single-center study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"M\u00f3nika","family":"R\u00e9v\u00e9sz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferenc","family":"Oberna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e1s","family":"Slez\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6rs","family":"Ferenczi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Istv\u00e1n","family":"Kenessey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"Tak\u00e1csi-Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Cancer today","year":"2022"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3373","DOI":"10.7314\/apjcp.2012.13.7.3373","article-title":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Iranian patients and risk factors in young adults: A fifteen-year study","volume":"13","author":"Mafi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/s1368-8375(00)00135-4","article-title":"Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity in young people--a comprehensive literature review","volume":"37","author":"Llewellyn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2018.10.014","article-title":"Treatment outcomes of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity in young adults","volume":"87","author":"Gamez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2013.09.001","article-title":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in young patients","volume":"49","author":"van Monsjou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-013-9628-y","article-title":"An analysis of the epidemiological and etiological factors of oral tumors of young adults in a Central-Eastern European population","volume":"19","author":"T\u00fari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pathol Oncol Res"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2478\/raon-2013-0057","article-title":"Oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in young adults: A review of the literature","volume":"48","author":"Majchrzak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiol Oncol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(00)70249-X","article-title":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Better to be young","volume":"122","author":"Lacy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Otolaryngol--head Neck Surg Off J Am Acad Otolaryngol-head Neck Surg"},{"key":"B10","first-page":"166","article-title":"The prognostic role of age in oral cancer. A clinical study","volume":"57","author":"N\u00e9meth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Magy Onkol"},{"key":"B11","first-page":"66","article-title":"Adolescent and young adult oncology, version 2.2018, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology","volume-title":"JNCCN","author":"Coccia","year":"2018"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3025(16)36112-8","article-title":"ICDO\u2014international classification of diseases for Oncology","volume":"23","author":"Allen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pathology (Phila)"},{"key":"B13","volume-title":"International guide for monitoring alcohol consumption and related harm","year":"2000"},{"key":"B14","volume-title":"TNM classification of malignant tumours","author":"Sobin","year":"2010"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27807","article-title":"Long-term survival in head and neck cancer: Impact of site, stage, smoking, and human papillomavirus status","volume":"129","author":"Du","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-1246","article-title":"Prognostic factors in head and neck cancer: A 10-year retrospective analysis in a single-institution in Italy","volume":"37","author":"Cadoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital Organo Uff Della Soc Ital Otorinolaringol E Chir Cerv-facc"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-009-0135-0","article-title":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in the young: A spectrum or a distinct group? Part 1","volume":"3","author":"Toner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3842","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-0565","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue in young non-smokers is genomically similar to tumors in older smokers","volume":"20","author":"Pickering","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B19","volume-title":"Smoking. Our World data","author":"Ritchie","year":"2013"},{"key":"B20","volume-title":"Alcohol consumption","author":"Ritchie","year":"2018"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609991","DOI":"10.3389\/pore.2021.1609991","article-title":"A study of prognostic factors in young patients with non-HPV oral cancer in central Europe","volume":"27","author":"Csurgay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathol Oncol Res"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-09-2156","article-title":"Reduced DNA repair capacity for removing tobacco carcinogen-induced DNA adducts contributes to risk of head and neck cancer but not tumor characteristics","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-012-1993-8","article-title":"Polymorphisms of DNA repair genes and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in young adults","volume":"270","author":"Kostrzewska-Poczekaj","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol Off J Eur Fed Oto-Rhino-Laryngol Soc EUFOS Affil Ger Soc Oto-Rhino-Laryngol - Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.21.1764","article-title":"Repair of tobacco carcinogen-induced DNA adducts and lung cancer risk: A molecular epidemiologic study","volume":"92","author":"Wei","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11062","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-1039","article-title":"DNA repair and cell cycle control genes and the risk of young-onset lung cancer","volume":"66","author":"Landi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.4049\/immunohorizons.2000092","article-title":"A distinct innate immune signature of early onset colorectal cancer","volume":"5","author":"Gardner","year":"2021","journal-title":"ImmunoHorizons"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13432","article-title":"Prognostic significance of smoking and alcohol history in young age oral cavity cancer","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"B28","first-page":"352","article-title":"The prognostic role of expression of p16 tumor suppressor gene in Hungarian patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"59","author":"V\u00e1nkos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Magy Onkol"}],"container-title":["Pathology and Oncology Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.por-journal.com\/articles\/10.3389\/pore.2023.1611123\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T04:11:47Z","timestamp":1682309507000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.por-journal.com\/articles\/10.3389\/pore.2023.1611123\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/pore.2023.1611123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/pore.2023.1611123","relation":{},"ISSN":["1532-2807"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1532-2807","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]]},"article-number":"1611123"}}