{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:21:28Z","timestamp":1790655688346,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["por-journal.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pathol. Oncol. Res."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the deadliest forms of cancer with no effective therapeutic options. A KRAS mutation can be found in up to 90% of all pancreatic tumors, making it a promising therapeutic target. The introduction of new KRAS inhibitors has been a milestone in the history of KRAS mutant tumors; however, therapeutic resistance limits their efficacy. Thus, new therapeutic options, including combination therapies, are urgently needed. Recently, we have shown that KRAS G12C inhibitors in combination with farnesyl-transferase inhibitors exert synergistic antitumor effects. Here, we provide evidence for the feasibility of this combinational approach to break down resistance in KRAS G12D mutant pancreatic cancer. Although we have shown that the 3D environment dramatically sensitizes cells to MRTX1133 treatment, the synergistic effect of this drug combination is present in both 2D and 3D in the PANC1 pancreatic adenocarcinoma model, which showed high resistance to MRTX1133 in 2D. The effects of the combination treatment show an association with the inhibition of farnesylated regulatory proteins, including HRAS and RHEB, along with the expression level of KRAS. Our study warrants further investigation for the potential applicability of KRAS G12D inhibitors in combination with farnesyl-transferase inhibitors for the treatment of KRAS mutant pancreatic adenocarcinoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/pore.2024.1611948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T23:11:33Z","timestamp":1733094693000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Combination of farnesyl-transferase inhibition with KRAS G12D targeting breaks down therapeutic resistance in pancreatic 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