{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:00:11Z","timestamp":1787670011351,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontierspartnerships.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transpl. Int."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Innovative solutions have entered the routine management of patients with type 1 diabetes or are making the headlines and this is shaking the world of beta cell replacement therapies. Above all, allogeneic islet transplantation is enthusiastically doomed to extinction by the aficionados of \u201cclosed loop\u201d artificial insulin delivery systems or those convinced of the imminent large scale availability of stem-cell derived insulin-producing tissues. This opinion paper will propose that neither will be a universal solution in the very near future and will argue that xenogeneic islet transplantation may be a serious outsider in the race for new therapies. In the meantime, the odds are in favor of allogeneic islet (and pancreas) transplantation remaining first line options in the treatment of complicated type 1 diabetes. There is no question that \u201cclosed loop\u201d systems have already greatly improved the management of type 1 diabetes, but, while \u201cunlimited\u201d sources of insulin-producing cells are jockeying for approval as standard-of-care, these improvements are more likely to drive a shift of indications -from islet transplant alone to simultaneous islet-kidney transplantation- than to herald the demise of islet transplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2025.14598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T16:30:00Z","timestamp":1743525000000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Allogeneic Islet Transplantation: Chronicle of a Death Foretold?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Thierry","family":"Berney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Thaunat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterine","family":"Berishvili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1259","article-title":"Production of Pancreatic Hormone-Expressing Endocrine Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells","volume":"24","author":"D'Amour","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3033","article-title":"Reversal of Diabetes with Insulin-Producing Cells Derived In Vitro from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells","volume":"32","author":"Rezania","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.09.040","article-title":"Generation of Functional Human Pancreatic \u03b2 Cells In Vitro","volume":"159","author":"Pagliuca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201591058","article-title":"Controlled Induction of Human Pancreatic Progenitors Produces Functional Beta-like Cells In Vitro","volume":"34","author":"Russ","year":"2015","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2020.10.004","article-title":"Transcriptional Dynamics of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation into \u03b2 Cells Reveals Full Endodermal Commitment and Homology with Human Islets","volume":"23","author":"Pellegrini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01219-z","article-title":"Functional, Metabolic and Transcriptional Maturation of Human Pancreatic Islets Derived from Stem Cells","volume":"40","author":"Balboa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01645-7","article-title":"Human Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Derived Islets Ameliorate Diabetes in Non-human Primates","volume":"28","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-138-or","article-title":"Initial Clinical Evaluation of VC-01TM Combination Product-A Stem Cell\u2013Derived Islet Replacement for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)","volume":"67","author":"Henry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2021.100466","article-title":"Insulin Expression and C-Peptide in Type 1 Diabetes Subjects Implanted with Stem Cell-Derived Pancreatic Endoderm Cells in an Encapsulation Device","volume":"2","author":"Shapiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-02055-5","article-title":"Encapsulated Stem Cell-Derived \u03b2 Cells Exert Glucose Control in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"42","author":"Keymeulen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B11","volume-title":"Vertex Announces Positive Results From Ongoing Phase 1\/2 Study of VX-880 for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Presented at the American Diabetes Association 84th Scientific Sessions","year":"2024"},{"key":"B12","volume-title":"Vertex Reports Third Quarter 2024 Financial Results","year":"2024"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.09.004","article-title":"Transplantation of Chemically Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Derived Islets under Abdominal Anterior Rectus Sheath in a Type 1 Diabetes Patient","volume":"187","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-024-00662-3","article-title":"Treating a Type 2 Diabetic Patient with Impaired Pancreatic Islet Function by Personalized Endoderm Stem Cell-Derived Islet Tissue","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Discov"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13358","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2024.13358","article-title":"Cautious Optimism Warranted for Stem Cell-Derived Islet Transplantation in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"37","author":"Scholz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10135","article-title":"Immunogenicity of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells","volume":"474","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B17","first-page":"14565","article-title":"The Last Mile in Beta-Cell Replacement Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes: Time to Grow Up","volume":"37","author":"Piemonti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12885","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2024.12885","article-title":"The Future of Beta Cells Replacement in the Era of Regenerative Medicine and Organ Bioengineering","volume":"37","author":"Berishvili","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabm9881","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abm9881","article-title":"FasL Microgels Induce Immune Acceptance of Islet Allografts in Nonhuman Primates","volume":"8","author":"Lei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10441","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1902566116","article-title":"Generation of Hypoimmunogenic Human Pluripotent Stem Cells","volume":"116","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2024.02.001","article-title":"Hypoimmune Islets Achieve Insulin Independence after Allogeneic Transplantation in a Fully Immunocompetent Non-human Primate","volume":"31","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"B22","volume-title":"Sana Therapeutics Press Release","year":"2025"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11633","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2023.11633","article-title":"The Relevance of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products in the Field of Transplantation and the Need for Academic Research Access: Overcoming Bottlenecks and Claiming a New Time","volume":"36","author":"Piemonti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13485","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2024.13485","article-title":"ESOT Roadmap for Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products in Transplantation: Navigating Regulatory Challenges to Enhance Access and Care","volume":"37","author":"Berishvili","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2021.0177","article-title":"Current Advances of Artificial Pancreas Systems: A Comprehensive Review of the Clinical Evidence","volume":"45","author":"Moon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2021.0097","article-title":"One Year Real-World Use of the Control-IQ Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop Technology","volume":"23","author":"Breton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15008","article-title":"One-year Real-World Performance of the DBLG1 Closed-Loop System: Data from 3706 Adult Users with Type 1 Diabetes in Germany","volume":"25","author":"Benhamou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2023.0414","article-title":"12-Month Real-Life Efficacy of the MiniMed 780G Advanced Closed-Loop System in Patients Living with Type 1 Diabetes: A French Observational, Retrospective, Multicentric Study","volume":"26","author":"Lablanche","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4078","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15766","article-title":"Evaluation of Time in Tight Range and the Glycaemia Risk Index in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using an Advanced Hybrid Closed Loop System: A 1-Year Real-World Assessment","volume":"26","author":"Rizzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-021-05397-4","article-title":"Realising the Long-Term Promise of Insulin Therapy: The DCCT\/EDIC Study","volume":"64","author":"Nathan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-1276","article-title":"Decreasing Cumulative Incidence of End-Stage Renal Disease in Young Patients With Type 1 Diabetes in Sweden: A 38-Year Prospective Nationwide Study","volume":"42","author":"Toppe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e004428","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2024-004428","article-title":"Six Months of Hybrid Closed-Loop Therapy Improves Diabetes-specific Positive Well-Being, and Reduces Diabetes Distress and Fear of Hypoglycemia: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"12","author":"Halliday","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0855","article-title":"One Year Clinical Experience of the First Commercial Hybrid Closed-Loop System","volume":"42","author":"Lal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B34","unstructured":"The Nobel Prize Website2025"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-021-01737-3","article-title":"Felix Dies Natalis, Insulin Ceterum Autem Censeo Beta Is Better","volume":"58","author":"Piemonti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000006380","article-title":"Genetically Modified Porcine Kidneys Have Sufficient Tissue Integrity for Use in Pig-To-Human Xenotransplantation","volume":"280","author":"Anderson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02471-9","article-title":"Pig-to-human Heart Xenotransplantation in Two Recently Deceased Human Recipients","volume":"29","author":"Moazami","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02972-1","article-title":"Integrative Multi-Omics Profiling in Human Decedents Receiving Pig Heart Xenografts","volume":"30","author":"Schmauch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03429-1","article-title":"Transplantation of a Genetically Modified Porcine Heart into a Live Human","volume":"31","author":"Griffith","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2412747","article-title":"Xenotransplantation of a Porcine Kidney for End-Stage Kidney Disease","author":"Kawai","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10439","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2022.10439","article-title":"Xenotransplantion: Defeating the \u201cShumway Curse\u201d an Interview with Drs. Bartley Griffith, Jayme Locke, Robert Montgomery, and Bruno Reichart","volume":"35","author":"Berney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13681","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2024.13681","article-title":"What Genetic Modifications of Source Pigs Are Essential and Sufficient for Cell, Tissue, and Organ Xenotransplantation?","volume":"37","author":"Ali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000001054","article-title":"Executive Summary of IPITA-TTS Opinion Leaders Report on the Future of \u03b2-Cell Replacement","volume":"100","author":"Markmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4285\/ctr.24.0046","article-title":"Current Status of Pancreatic Islet Xenotransplantation","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Transpl Res"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.14950","article-title":"Recreating the Endocrine Niche: Advances in Bioengineering the Pancreas","author":"Fonseca","year":"2025","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI93542","article-title":"Endothelial Chimerism and Vascular Sequestration Protect Pancreatic Islet Grafts from Antibody-Mediated Rejection","volume":"128","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.3727\/096368916X691673","article-title":"Immunogenicity of Anti-HLA Antibodies in Pancreas and Islet Transplantation","volume":"25","author":"Chaigne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Transpl"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13936","article-title":"Anti-Donor HLA Antibody Response after Pancreatic Islet Grafting: Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Impact on Graft Function","volume":"17","author":"Pouliquen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Transpl"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13122","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2024.13122","article-title":"Pig Xenotransplantation in Beta Cell Replacement: Addressing Challenges and Harnessing Potential for Type 1 Diabetes Therapy","volume":"37","author":"Piemonti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2023.0260","article-title":"Clinical Trial Protocol for Porcine Islet Xenotransplantation in South Korea","volume":"48","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898948","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.898948","article-title":"Xenotransplantation of Genetically Modified Neonatal Pig Islets Cures Diabetes in Baboons","volume":"13","author":"Hawthorne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13942","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2024.13942","article-title":"The Evolution of Immunosuppressive Therapy in Pig-To-Nonhuman Primate Organ Transplantation","volume":"37","author":"Sanatkar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13954","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2024.13954","article-title":"Enhanced Insulin Production from Porcine Islets: More Insulin, Less Islets","volume":"37","author":"Mourad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13349","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2024.13349","article-title":"Aspects of Regulation of Xenotransplantation in Europe","volume":"37","author":"T\u00f6njes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13491","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2024.13491","article-title":"Monitoring for PERV Following Xenotransplantation","volume":"37","author":"Denner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13607","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2024.13607","article-title":"Progress in Orthotopic Pig Heart Transplantation in Nonhuman Primates","volume":"37","author":"L\u00e4ngin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14087","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2025.14087","article-title":"Role of a Porcine Herpesvirus, PCMV\/PRV, in Xenotransplantation","volume":"38","author":"Denner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00775-4","article-title":"Graft Dysfunction in Compassionate Use of Genetically Engineered Pig-To-Human Cardiac Xenotransplantation: A Case Report","volume":"402","author":"Mohiuddin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11077","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2023.11077","article-title":"Preferred Islet Delivery Device Characteristics and Implantation Strategies of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"36","author":"Tol","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4491","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12472-3","article-title":"Insulin-producing Organoids Engineered from Islet and Amniotic Epithelial Cells to Treat Diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Lebreton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.13721","article-title":"Generation of Insulin-Secreting Organoids: A Step toward Engineering and Transplanting the Bioartificial Pancreas","volume":"33","author":"Wassmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10697","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2022.10697","article-title":"Formation of Re-aggregated Neonatal Porcine Islet Clusters Improves In Vitro Function and Transplantation Outcome","volume":"35","author":"Honarpisheh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2022.104139","article-title":"From Islet of Langerhans Transplantation to the Bioartificial Pancreas","volume":"51","author":"Berney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2078","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2115","article-title":"Continuous Glucose Monitoring After Islet Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetes: An Excellent Graft Function (\u03b2-Score Greater Than 7) Is Required to Abrogate Hyperglycemia, whereas a Minimal Function Is Necessary to Suppress Severe Hypoglycemia (\u03b2-Score Greater Than 3)","volume":"97","author":"Vantyghem","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00114-0","article-title":"Pancreatic Islet Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetes: 20-year Experience from a Single-Centre Cohort in Canada","volume":"10","author":"Marfil-Garza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200007273430401","article-title":"Islet Transplantation in Seven Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Using a Glucocorticoid-free Immunosuppressive Regimen","volume":"343","author":"Shapiro","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B67","unstructured":"Eleventh Allograft Report2022"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2018.07.006","article-title":"Indications for islet or pancreatic transplantation: Statement of the TREPID working group on behalf of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 francophone du diab\u00e8te (SFD), Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 francaise d'endocrinologie (SFE), Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 francophone de transplantation (SFT) and Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise de n\u00e9phrologie - dialyse - transplantation (SFNDT)","volume":"45","author":"Wojtusciszyn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"B69","unstructured":"Newsletter #92001"}],"container-title":["Transplant International"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontierspartnerships.org\/articles\/10.3389\/ti.2025.14598\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T16:30:31Z","timestamp":1743525031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontierspartnerships.org\/articles\/10.3389\/ti.2025.14598\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/ti.2025.14598"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/ti.2025.14598","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-2277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-2277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"article-number":"14598"}}