{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:30:47Z","timestamp":1787067047881,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontierspartnerships.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transpl. Int."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intimal arteritis (v-lesion) has long been considered a hallmark of higher-grade T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) in kidney transplantation, historically associated with poor graft survival and resistance to therapy. These associations have informed treatment strategies, often prompting intensified immunosuppression, including anti-thymocyte globulins (ATG). However, emerging evidence challenges the assumption that all v-lesions signify TCMR\u2014particularly when they occur in isolation, without significant tubulo-interstitial inflammation. Recent observational studies and molecular analyses suggest that isolated v-lesions may instead reflect non-immune injury mechanisms, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, particularly in the early post-transplant period. In addition, the shared nature of the v-lesion between TCMR and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) raises concerns about overdiagnosis and potential overtreatment of \u201cmixed rejection\u201d phenotypes. Following advances in modern immunosuppression and improved donor-recipient matching, the clinical course of v-lesions may have evolved, with severe v3 presentations now rare\u2014rendering historical comparisons less applicable to current practice. These insights highlight the need to revisit traditional paradigms and adopt a more nuanced, context-aware interpretation of v-lesions. This review integrates historical and contemporary perspectives, advocating for a reappraisal of the role of the v-lesion in kidney transplant biopsy evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2025.14818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T01:10:13Z","timestamp":1751245813000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["From Banff 1991 to Today: The Changing Landscape of the v-Lesion in Kidney Transplant Rejection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Karolien","family":"Wellekens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Koshy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candice","family":"Roufosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten","family":"Naesens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm200003023420901","article-title":"Improved Graft Survival after Renal Transplantation in the United States, 1988 to 1996","volume":"342","author":"Hariharan","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2014530","article-title":"Long-Term Survival after Kidney Transplantation","volume":"385","author":"Hariharan","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.05.018","article-title":"Analyses of the Short- and Long-Term Graft Survival after Kidney Transplantation in Europe between 1986 and 2015","volume":"94","author":"Coemans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1097\/tp.0000000000003192","article-title":"Assessing the Complex Causes of Kidney Allograft Loss","volume":"104","author":"Van Loon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2020081215","article-title":"Exploring the Complexity of Death-Censored Kidney Allograft Failure","volume":"32","author":"Mayrdorfer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B6","unstructured":"Banff Classification for Renal Allograft Pathology\n          \n          \n          2022"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1097\/tp.0000000000002366","article-title":"A 2018 Reference Guide to the Banff Classification of Renal Allograft Pathology","volume":"102","author":"Roufosse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1159\/000351643","article-title":"Thymoglobulin and its Use in Renal Transplantation: A Review","volume":"37","author":"Thiyagarajan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14225","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.14225","article-title":"Kidney Allograft Rejection: Diagnosis and Treatment Practices in USA- A UNOS Survey","volume":"35","author":"Sood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Transpl"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12283","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2024.12283","article-title":"European Survey on Clinical Practice of Detecting and Treating T-Cell Mediated Kidney Transplant Rejection","volume":"37","author":"Koshy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199605150-00009","article-title":"Interstitial Rejection, Vascular Rejection, and Diffuse Thrombosis of Renal Allografts. Predisposing Factors, Histology, Immunohistochemistry, and Relation to Outcome","volume":"61","author":"Kooijmans-Coutinho","year":"1996","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.V8121930","article-title":"Evaluation of Pathologic Criteria for Acute Renal Allograft Rejection: Reproducibility, Sensitivity, and Clinical Correlation","volume":"8","author":"Colvin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.V971301","article-title":"The Prognostic Significance of Specific Arterial Lesions in Acute Renal Allograft Rejection","volume":"9","author":"Nickeleit","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200003270-00017","article-title":"Impact of the Banff '97 Classification for Histological Diagnosis of Rejection on Clinical Outcome and Renal Function Parameters after Kidney Transplantation","volume":"69","author":"Mueller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200004000-00009","article-title":"Acute Renal Allograft Rejection with Severe Tubulitis (Banff 1997 Grade IB)","volume":"24","author":"Minervini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14617","article-title":"Isolated V-Lesion in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Characteristics, Association with DSA, and Histological Follow-Up","volume":"18","author":"Rabant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Transpl"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.13286","article-title":"Isolated V-Lesion Represents a Benign Phenotype of Vascular Rejection of the Kidney Allograft - a Retrospective Study","volume":"31","author":"Novotny","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2021.03.027","article-title":"Clinical Significance of Isolated V1 Arteritis in Renal Transplantation","volume":"53","author":"Mikhail","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transpl Proc"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2025.04.023","article-title":"The Impact of the Banff V-Lesion on Rejection Classification and Outcomes: Insights from a Multicenter Study","author":"Wellekens","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Transpl"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3190","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2014111064","article-title":"Reassessing the Significance of Intimal Arteritis in Kidney Transplant Biopsy Specimens","volume":"26","author":"Salazar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2024.07.025","article-title":"Clinical and Molecular Spectrum of V-Lesion","volume":"24","author":"Buxeda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Transpl"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1993.259","article-title":"International Standardization of Criteria for the Histologic Diagnosis of Renal Allograft Rejection: The Banff Working Classification of Kidney Transplant Pathology","volume":"44","author":"Solez","year":"1993","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-6135.2003.00269.x","article-title":"Heterogeneity in the Evolution and Mechanisms of the Lesions of Kidney Allograft Rejection in Mice","volume":"3","author":"Jabs","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Transpl"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0602-582","article-title":"Local Synthesis of Complement Component C3 Regulates Acute Renal Transplant Rejection","volume":"8","author":"Pratt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-6143.2003.00072.x","article-title":"Antibody-Mediated Rejection Criteria - an Addition to the Banff 97 Classification of Renal Allograft Rejection","volume":"3","author":"Racusen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Transpl"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2010.03415.x","article-title":"Inflammation Lesions in Kidney Transplant Biopsies: Association with Survival Is Due to the Underlying Diseases","volume":"11","author":"Sellar\u00e9s","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Transpl"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2712","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.02005.x","article-title":"Microarray Analysis of Rejection in Human Kidney Transplants Using Pathogenesis-Based Transcript Sets","volume":"7","author":"Mueller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Transpl"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2014020157","article-title":"Isolated Endarteritis and Kidney Transplant Survival: A Multicenter Collaborative Study","volume":"26","author":"Sis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1097\/tp.0000000000004071","article-title":"The Pathological and Clinical Diversity of Acute Vascular Rejection in Kidney Transplantation","volume":"106","author":"Nankivell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(12)61265-3","article-title":"Antibody-Mediated Vascular Rejection of Kidney Allografts: A Population-Based Study","volume":"381","author":"Lefaucheur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14625","article-title":"The Banff 2017 Kidney Meeting Report: Revised Diagnostic Criteria for Chronic Active T Cell-Mediated Rejection, Antibody-Mediated Rejection, and Prospects for Integrative Endpoints for Next-Generation Clinical Trials","volume":"18","author":"Haas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Transpl"},{"key":"B32","first-page":"441","article-title":"Report of the Third Banff Conference on Allograft Pathology (July 20-24, 1995) on Classification and Lesion Scoring in Renal Allograft Pathology","volume":"28","author":"Solez","year":"1996","journal-title":"Transpl Proc"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.00299.x","article-title":"The Banff 97 Working Classification of Renal Allograft Pathology","volume":"55","author":"Racusen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00254.x","article-title":"Acute Renal Allograft Rejection with Intimal Arteritis: Histologic Predictors of Response to Therapy and Graft Survival","volume":"61","author":"Haas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp045","article-title":"Monocytes\/macrophages in Kidney Allograft Intimal Arteritis: No Association with Markers of Humoral Rejection or with Inferior Outcome","volume":"24","author":"Kozakowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transpl"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trim.2011.04.002","article-title":"Macrophages and T Lymphocytes Are the Predominant Cells in Intimal Arteritis of Resected Renal Allografts Undergoing Acute Rejection","volume":"25","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transpl Immunol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12079","article-title":"Molecular Diagnosis of T Cell-Mediated Rejection in Human Kidney Transplant Biopsies","volume":"13","author":"Reeve","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Transpl"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12387","article-title":"Potential Impact of Microarray Diagnosis of T Cell-Mediated Rejection in Kidney Transplants: The INTERCOM Study","volume":"13","author":"Halloran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Transpl"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e105","DOI":"10.1097\/tp.0000000000000640","article-title":"The Relationship of the Severity and Category of Acute Rejection with Intimal Arteritis Defined in Banff Classification to Clinical Outcomes","volume":"99","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781206","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.781206","article-title":"Intimal Arteritis and Microvascular Inflammation Are Associated with Inferior Kidney Graft Outcome, Regardless of Donor-Specific Antibodies","volume":"8","author":"Novotny","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2022040444","article-title":"Banff Human Organ Transplant Transcripts Correlate with Renal Allograft Pathology and Outcome: Importance of Capillaritis and Subpathologic Rejection","volume":"33","author":"Rosales","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1097\/tp.0000000000004783","article-title":"Using Regression Equations to Enhance Interpretation of Histology Lesions of Kidney Transplant Rejection","volume":"108","author":"Sikosana","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2009.02987.x","article-title":"Banff '09 Meeting Report: Antibody Mediated Graft Deterioration and Implementation of Banff Working Groups","volume":"10","author":"Sis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Transpl"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12590","article-title":"Banff 2013 Meeting Report: Inclusion of C4d-Negative Antibody-Mediated Rejection and Antibody-Associated Arterial Lesions","volume":"14","author":"Haas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Transpl"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra033540","article-title":"Immunosuppressive Drugs for Kidney Transplantation","volume":"351","author":"Halloran","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0902927","article-title":"Rejection of the Kidney Allograft","volume":"363","author":"Nankivell","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31827a19cc","article-title":"Consensus Guidelines on the Testing and Clinical Management Issues Associated with HLA and Non-HLA Antibodies in Transplantation","volume":"95","author":"Tait","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.5500\/wjt.v6.i1.103","article-title":"Renal Transplantation with Expanded Criteria Donors: Which Is the Optimal Immunosuppression?","volume":"6","author":"Filiopoulos","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Transpl"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.V1271538","article-title":"Increased Immunogenicity and Cause of Graft Loss of Old Donor Kidneys","volume":"12","author":"Fijter","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.03.028","article-title":"Assessment of Biological Organ Age Using Molecular Pathology in Pre-Transplant Kidney Biopsies","volume":"106","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16059","article-title":"Banff 2019 Meeting Report: Molecular Diagnostics in Solid Organ Transplantation-Consensus for the Banff Human Organ Transplant (B-HOT) Gene Panel and Open Source Multicenter Validation","volume":"20","author":"Mengel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Transpl"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15887","article-title":"The Molecular Microscope Diagnostic System (MMDx) in Transplantation: A Pathologist's Perspective","volume":"20","author":"Randhawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Transpl"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.0000000000000350","article-title":"The Clinical Relevance of the Infiltrating Immune Cell Composition in Kidney Transplant Rejection","volume":"35","author":"Vaulet","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1097\/tp.0000000000004038","article-title":"DAMPs Released from Injured Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells Activate Innate Immune Signals in Healthy Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells","volume":"106","author":"DeWolf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/mnh.0000000000000190","article-title":"Ischemia as a Factor Affecting Innate Immune Responses in Kidney Transplantation","volume":"25","author":"Kasimsetty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3338","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13963","article-title":"Transplantation and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs)","volume":"16","author":"Land","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Transpl"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01377-9","article-title":"Activation of Immune Signals during Organ Transplantation","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2008.02473.x","article-title":"Platelets Influence Vascularized Organ Transplants from Start to Finish","volume":"9","author":"Kirk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Transpl"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5350","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13113-5","article-title":"Missing Self Triggers NK Cell-Mediated Chronic Vascular Rejection of Solid Organ Transplants","volume":"10","author":"Koenig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680480","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.680480","article-title":"HLA Class I Molecules as Immune Checkpoints for NK Cell Alloreactivity and Anti-Viral Immunity in Kidney Transplantation","volume":"12","author":"Duygu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2016.88","article-title":"The Importance of Non-HLA Antibodies in Transplantation","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2016070756","article-title":"The Emerging Importance of Non-HLA Autoantibodies in Kidney Transplant Complications","volume":"28","author":"Cardinal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-022-00600-0","article-title":"Activation and Regulation of Alloreactive T Cell Immunity in Solid Organ Transplantation","volume":"18","author":"Duneton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200209270-00022","article-title":"Mechanism of T Cell-Mediated Endothelial Apoptosis","volume":"74","author":"Krupnick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2004.00421.x","article-title":"Lesions of T-Cell-Mediated Kidney Allograft Rejection in Mice Do Not Require Perforin or Granzymes A and B","volume":"4","author":"Halloran","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Transpl"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.13436","article-title":"The Therapeutic Challenge of Late Antibody-Mediated Kidney Allograft Rejection","volume":"32","author":"B\u00f6hmig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2020101418","article-title":"Data-Driven Derivation and Validation of Novel Phenotypes for Acute Kidney Transplant Rejection Using Semi-Supervised Clustering","volume":"32","author":"Vaulet","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"}],"container-title":["Transplant International"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontierspartnerships.org\/articles\/10.3389\/ti.2025.14818\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T01:10:14Z","timestamp":1751245814000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontierspartnerships.org\/articles\/10.3389\/ti.2025.14818\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/ti.2025.14818"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/ti.2025.14818","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-2277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-2277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"article-number":"14818"}}