{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T19:09:02Z","timestamp":1788203342176,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontierspartnerships.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transpl. Int."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Muslim-majority countries differ in socio-cultural behavior and economic development but share a similar high burden of organ failure. Due to this heterogeneity, mapping organ donation and transplantation activity is of interest for future healthcare provision. Data was analyzed for 50 Muslim-majority countries (defined as Muslims comprising &amp;gt;50% of the population). Organ donation\/transplantation rates were obtained from global registries between 2013\u20132023. Supplementary socio-economic and health data were obtained from open-source data repositories. Muslim-majority countries population increased from 1.53 billion to 1.88 billion between 2013\u20132023. Organ donation\/transplant activity was only reported for 21\/50 countries. Most organ donations came from living people rather than deceased donors (resulting in kidney and liver transplantation being the most common procedures). Other transplant activity rates were low. Poisson regression analyses identified multiple socioeconomic indicators to be associated with deceased- or living-donor activity, while negative binomial analyses comparing Muslim-majority to other countries within the region showed Muslim countries had lower deceased donation rates. Our study shows access to transplantation is lacking in many Muslim-majority countries. While socio-economic factors play a role, other challenges like religious and\/or cultural barriers must be appreciated. With such global heterogeneity, bespoke country-specific interventions are warranted to improve transplantation opportunities in Muslim-majority countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2025.15116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T17:09:17Z","timestamp":1764004157000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evolving Trends in Organ Donation and Transplantation Rates Across Muslim Majority Countries"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Fatima","family":"Malik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehreen","family":"Khan Bhettani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junaid","family":"Mansoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zainab","family":"Arslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Shamim","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irum","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahid","family":"Farid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usman","family":"Haroon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zubir","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Khurram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhana","family":"Zakri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00712-3","article-title":"Policy Innovations to Advance Equity in Solid Organ Transplantation","volume":"406","author":"Jaure","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11460919","article-title":"Inequity in Access to Transplantation in the United Kingdom","volume":"15","author":"Pruthi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31825f4474","article-title":"Organ Donation and Islam-Challenges and Opportunities","volume":"94","author":"Sharif","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-024-00820-6","article-title":"Chronic Kidney Disease and the Global Public Health Agenda: An International Consensus","volume":"20","author":"Francis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.03.017","article-title":"Global Burden of Liver Disease: 2023 Update","volume":"79","author":"Devarbhavi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001699","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001699","article-title":"Heart Failure Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"11","author":"Callender","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plos Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00458-X","article-title":"Improving Lung Health in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: From Challenges to Solutions","volume":"397","author":"Meghji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B8","first-page":"13","article-title":"Current Status of Organ Transplant in Islamic Countries","volume":"13","author":"Ghods","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Clin Transpl"},{"key":"B9","unstructured":"Pew Research Centre"},{"key":"B10","unstructured":"United Nations Demographic and Social Statistics"},{"key":"B11","unstructured":"Global Observatory for Donation and Transplantation (GODT) Registry"},{"key":"B12","unstructured":"International Registry on Organ Donation and Transplantation (IRoDaT)"},{"key":"B13","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO)"},{"key":"B14","unstructured":"International Monetary Fund (IMF)"},{"key":"B15","unstructured":"World Bank"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501175","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1501175","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Burden Inequality of Chronic Kidney Disease, 1990-2021: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B17","first-page":"1","article-title":"State of World Population 2023. 8 Billion Lives, Infinite Possibilities: The Case for Rights and Choices","author":"UNP","year":"2023","journal-title":"State World Popul"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14392","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.14392","article-title":"Organ Vigilance in the Middle East: Challenges and Prospects","volume":"26","author":"Alameer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100312","article-title":"Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant Policies in Asia - Implications on Practice and Recommendations for the Future","volume":"21","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000003943","article-title":"Global Estimates of Capacity for Kidney Transplantation in World Countries and Regions","volume":"106","author":"Mudiayi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318231ea17","article-title":"A Quantitative Survey of Western Muslim Attitudes to Solid Organ Donation","volume":"92","author":"Sharif","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16242","article-title":"Informing American Muslims About Living Donation Through Tailored Health Education: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial Evaluating Increase in Biomedical and Religious Knowledge","volume":"21","author":"Padela","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Transpl"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(07)70315-7","article-title":"Management of Solid Tumours in Organ-Transplant Recipients","volume":"8","author":"Ajithkumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0000000000000497","article-title":"Global Perspective: Kidney Transplantation in North Africa","volume":"5","author":"Hafez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.6002\/ect.MESOT2023.O4","article-title":"State of Transplantation in the Republic of Uzbekistan: Existing Problems of Donation","volume":"22","author":"Khadjibaev","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp Clin Transpl"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002541","article-title":"The Declaration of Istanbul on Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism (2018 Edition) Introduction","volume":"103","author":"Muller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1017\/S0963180121000931","article-title":"Organ Trafficking: Why do Healthcare Workers Engage in It?","volume":"31","author":"Stammers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Camb Q Healthc Ethics"},{"key":"B28","unstructured":"Global Report On Trafficking In Persons 2022"},{"key":"B29","unstructured":"ODC SHERLOC (Sharing Electronic Resources and Laws on Crime) Dataset"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdx157","article-title":"Pakistan: A Transplant Tourism Resort?","volume":"40","author":"Fatima","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Public Health (Oxf)"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12117-024-09524-6","article-title":"The State of the Organ Trade: Narratives of Corruption in Egypt and Bangladesh","author":"Columb","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Organ Crim"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61486-4","article-title":"A Call for Government Accountability to Achieve National Self-Sufficiency in Organ Donation and Transplantation","volume":"378","author":"Delmonico","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B33","first-page":"175","article-title":"Transplantation in Turkey","author":"Haberal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Transpl"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.6002\/ect.25liver.l29","article-title":"The History of Organ Donation and Transplantation in Iran","volume":"12","author":"Ghods","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Clin Transpl"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14889","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.14889","article-title":"Trends in Organ Donation and Transplantation over the Past Eighteen Years in Iran","volume":"37","author":"Shadnoush","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Transpl"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00700206","article-title":"Iranian Model of Paid and Regulated Living-Unrelated Kidney Donation","volume":"1","author":"Ghods","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-2442.367822","article-title":"The Critical Pathways of Deceased Organ Donation in Saudi Arabia","volume":"33","author":"Attar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001101","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2022-001101","article-title":"Obstacles to the Deceased Donor Transplantation in Pakistan","volume":"10","author":"Ullah","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.6002\/ect.TOND-TDTD2017.P1","article-title":"The Economics of Organ Transplantation","volume":"16","author":"Altinors","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Clin Transpl"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12899","article-title":"Re-Conceptualizing the Organ Trade: Separating \u201cTrafficking\u201d from \u201cTrade\u201d and the Implications for Law and Policy","volume":"30","author":"Columb","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transpl Int"}],"container-title":["Transplant International"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontierspartnerships.org\/articles\/10.3389\/ti.2025.15116\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T17:09:19Z","timestamp":1764004159000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontierspartnerships.org\/articles\/10.3389\/ti.2025.15116\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/ti.2025.15116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/ti.2025.15116","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-2277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-2277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"article-number":"15116"}}