{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:18:51Z","timestamp":1787671131933,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontierspartnerships.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transpl. Int."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study evaluates changes in cellular immunity components, from chronic kidney disease stage V (CKD-V) to long-term transplantation (lKTx). We applied flow cytometry to determine total, CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , CD28\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    T-lymphocytes, Natural killer cells (NK) and regulatory T-lymphocytes (Tregs), in peripheral blood of 56 patients with CKD-V, 207 patients on hemodialysis (HD), 149 recently transplanted (rKTx), 26 lKTx patients and 49 healthy volunteers as a control group (CG). Lymphocyte proportion decreased in CKD vs. CG [20.2 (14.4\u201325.8) vs. 29.7 (24.4\u201338.1)%, p &amp;lt; 0.001] without further deterioration in HD [19.9 (15.3\u201323.7)%, p = 0.83 vs. CKD-V] and increased in rKTx [24.7 (20\u201332.6)%, p &amp;lt; 0.001 vs. HD], and lKTx [25.5 (21.9\u201335)%, p = 0.16 vs. CG]. Similar kinetics were observed in CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    subpopulations, however CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T-cells gradually increased from CG to lKTx. NK remained stable in CKD-V and HD, reduced in rKTx, and marginally increased in lKTx. Tregs gradually declined until HD and suboptimally improved with transplantation. CD28\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    subpopulations largely increased in lKTx, compared with HD [CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD28\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    : 12.6 (4.7\u201327.6) vs. 6 (2.1\u201313.2)%, p = 0.006, CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD28\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    : 68.4 (54.4\u201390.3) vs. 45.5 (28.4\u201358.9)%, p &amp;lt; 0.001], independently of age for CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD28\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    (p = 0.33). Cellular immunity subpopulations show significant changes in the spectrum of CKD, with transplantation restoring total lymphocytes and CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T-cells, but not Tregs and NK. LKTx was associated with a large increase in CD28\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    subpopulations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2026.15622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T09:10:50Z","timestamp":1768813850000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cellular Immunity in Chronic Kidney Disease and Changes After Kidney Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Georgios","family":"Lioulios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, 424 General Military Hospital","place":["Thessaloniki, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Moisidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cHippokratio\u201d","place":["Thessaloniki, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michalis","family":"Christodoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cHippokratio\u201d","place":["Thessaloniki, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efstratios","family":"Kasimatis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cHippokratio\u201d","place":["Thessaloniki, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aliki","family":"Xochelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Peripheral Histocompatibility Center, Department of Immunology, General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cHippokratio\u201d","place":["Thessaloniki, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evaggelos","family":"Memmos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, \u201cPapageorgiou\u201d General Hospital","place":["Thessaloniki, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stamatia","family":"Stai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cHippokratio\u201d","place":["Thessaloniki, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Stangou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cHippokratio\u201d","place":["Thessaloniki, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asimina","family":"Fylaktou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National 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