{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:50:38Z","timestamp":1791525038556,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontierspartnerships.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transpl. Int."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Intestinal transplantation (ITx) is a life-saving procedure for patients with complicated intestinal failure. In the acute phase, allograft permeability increases primarily due to ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, long-term allograft physiology after transplantation remains poorly understood, particularly the impact of lost autonomous graft innervation. This study aims to evaluate post-ITx allograft motility and permeability using orally administered fluorescein-labeled dextrans (TRITC70,FITC4). Lewis-to-Lewis orthotopic ITx (n = 6, 260\u2013300\u00a0g) were performed. Intestinal permability and motility were evaluated in recipient at baseline (2 days pre-transplant, control) and 4 weeks post-transplant (experimental), using orally administered dextrans (TRITC70 and FITC4). Total GI motility was assessed by TRITC70 fecal excretion, while intestinal and colonic permeability were evaluated using TRITC70 (transcellular route) and FITC4 (paracellular route) plasma concentrations, measured at 3\u00a0h, 6\u00a0h, 24\u00a0h. Paired data were reported as mean (\u00b1SEM) and compared using paired t-test (normal distribution)\/Wilcoxon rank test (non-normal distribution). Fecal excretion of TRITC70 was 9.58 (\u00b10.85) hours in the control group and 11.02 (\u00b11.40) hours in the experimental group (p = 0.287). Plasma concentrations (\u00b5g\/mL) of FITC4 at 3\u00a0h, 6h, and 24\u00a0h were (control vs\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    experimental): 0.23 (\u00b10.08) vs\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.72 (\u00b10.23) (p = 0.041), 0.12 (\u00b10.06) vs\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.53 (\u00b10.16) (p = 0.031), and 0.04 (\u00b10.02) vs\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.12 (\u00b10.04) (p = 0.625). For TRITC70, plasma concentrations were 11.20 (\u00b11.81) vs\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    11.11 (\u00b11.39) (p = 0.975), 20.49 (\u00b18.87) vs\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    12.60 (\u00b11.87) (p = 0.562), and 20.82 (\u00b17.25) vs\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    5.02 (\u00b10.82) (p = 0.094). Finally, the AUC (\u00b5gh\/mL) of FITC4 and TRITC70 absorption were 2.39 (\u00b11.1) vs\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    8.84 (\u00b12.69) (p = 0.029) and 436 (\u00b1159) vs\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    197 (\u00b125) (p = 0.195), respectively. Four weeks after ITx, we observed an increased paracellular permeability compared to pre-transplant evaluation, while overall GI motility remained unchanged. Further research is needed to better understand intestinal graft physiology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2026.17141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:10:10Z","timestamp":1791522610000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Changes in rat intestinal motility and absorption following intestinal transplantation: an experimental study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Antoine","family":"Dubois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leuven Intestinal Failure and Transplantation (LIFT), UZ Leuven","place":["Leuven, Belgium"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven","place":["Leuven, Belgium"]},{"name":"P\u00f4le de Chirurgie Exp\u00e9rimentale et Transplantation, UC Louvain","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Leenders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven","place":["Leuven, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gert","family":"De Hertogh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven","place":["Leuven, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Rustichelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Translation Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven","place":["Leuven, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Boelhouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leuven Intestinal Failure and Transplantation (LIFT), UZ Leuven","place":["Leuven, Belgium"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven","place":["Leuven, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tine","family":"Wylin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven","place":["Leuven, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerle","family":"Heedfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven","place":["Leuven, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliano","family":"Bonaccorsi-Riani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le de Chirurgie Exp\u00e9rimentale et Transplantation, UC Louvain","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Pirenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leuven Intestinal Failure and Transplantation (LIFT), UZ Leuven","place":["Leuven, Belgium"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven","place":["Leuven, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Vanuytsel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leuven Intestinal Failure and Transplantation (LIFT), UZ Leuven","place":["Leuven, Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Translation Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven","place":["Leuven, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricard","family":"Farr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Translation Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven","place":["Leuven, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurens J.","family":"Ceulemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leuven Intestinal Failure and Transplantation (LIFT), UZ Leuven","place":["Leuven, Belgium"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven","place":["Leuven, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2024.110827","article-title":"New insights in immunomodulation for intestinal transplantation","volume":"85","author":"Dubois","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2006.05.008","article-title":"Absorption of orthotopically transplanted intestine in rats: evaluation of amino acid absorption","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transpl Proc"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2007.00475.x","article-title":"Morphological and physiological changes of interstitial cells of Cajal after small bowel transplantation in rats","volume":"20","author":"Matsuura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intf.2025.100245","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of intestinal absorption following visceral transplantation: prevalence and adaptation","volume":"6","author":"Andersson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Intestinal Fail"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(05)80256-9","article-title":"Immunohistochemical demonstration of enteric nervous distribution after syngeneic small bowel transplantation in rats","volume":"117","author":"Hirose","year":"1995","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1159\/000526274","article-title":"Mucosal recovery after intestinal transplantation in the rat: a sequential histological and molecular assessment","volume":"64","author":"Bagge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Surg Res"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00335664","article-title":"Small bowel transplantation: an overview","volume":"7","author":"de Bruin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10060685","article-title":"Small intestinal permeability and gut-transit time determined with low and high molecular weight fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans in C3H mice","volume":"10","author":"Woting","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/s0899-9007(01)00668-2","article-title":"Ischemia\/reperfusion-induced disruption of rat small intestine transit is reversed by total enteral nutrition","volume":"17","author":"Grossie","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5701","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i45.5701","article-title":"Redefining the properties of an osmotic agent in an intestinal-specific preservation solution","volume":"16","author":"Schlachter","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717925","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.717925","article-title":"The role of intestinal permeability in gastrointestinal disorders and current methods of evaluation","volume":"8","author":"Vanuytsel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e220","DOI":"10.1097\/txd.0000000000000718","article-title":"Gut permeability and glucose absorption are affected at early stages of graft rejection in a small bowel transplant rat model","volume":"3","author":"Stringa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transpl Direct"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2006.11.005","article-title":"Donor pretreatment with FK506 reduces reperfusion injury and accelerates intestinal graft recovery in rats","volume":"141","author":"Oltean","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.10.052","article-title":"Learning curve for rat intestinal transplantation: milestones from a single surgeon's perspective","volume":"317","author":"Dubois","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.02.026","article-title":"A practical guide for small bowel transplantation in rats-review of techniques and models","volume":"213","author":"Foell","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s102380200018","article-title":"A simple new method to calculate small intestine absorptive surface in the rat","volume":"2","author":"Kisielinski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199202010-00003","article-title":"Intestinal function following allogeneic small intestinal transplantation in the rat","volume":"53","author":"Sigalet","year":"1992","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1996.0133","article-title":"Small intestinal function following syngeneic transplantation in the rat","volume":"61","author":"Sigalet","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529309096073","article-title":"Regional small-intestinal permeability in vitro to different-sized dextrans and proteins in the rat","volume":"28","author":"Pantzar","year":"1993","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00766-3","article-title":"Paracellular permeability and tight junction regulation in gut health and disease","volume":"20","author":"Horowitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.105812","article-title":"Impact of gastrointestinal tract variability on oral drug absorption and pharmacokinetics: an UNGAP review","volume":"162","author":"Vinarov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00524","article-title":"Advances in oral drug delivery for regional targeting in the gastrointestinal tract - influence of physiological, pathophysiological and pharmaceutical factors","volume":"11","author":"Hua","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-5173(98)00400-1","article-title":"Gastrointestinal transit of pellets in rats: effect of size and density","volume":"180","author":"Tuleu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15080975","article-title":"Intestinal absorption study: challenges and absorption enhancement strategies in improving oral drug delivery","volume":"15","author":"Azman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618411","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.618411","article-title":"Advances in oral drug delivery","volume":"12","author":"Alqahtani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1301852","DOI":"10.1080\/21688370.2017.1301852","article-title":"Paracellular transport as a strategy for energy conservation by multicellular organisms?","volume":"5","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tissue Barriers"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(01)00454-0","article-title":"Absorption of water-soluble compounds with different molecular weights and [Asu1.7]-eel calcitonin from various mucosal administration sites","volume":"76","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Controlled Release"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.17.327","article-title":"Drug absorption from large intestine: physicochemical factors governing drug absorption","volume":"17","author":"Kimura","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e32835c9c9d","article-title":"Physiology of the small intestine after resection and transplant","volume":"29","author":"Walther","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199404270-00002","article-title":"Changes of intestinal motility after small bowel transplantation in the rat","volume":"57","author":"Ishii","year":"1994","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-003-6846-6","article-title":"Physiologic studies on nitric oxide in rat small bowel isografts","volume":"27","author":"Tomita","year":"2003","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199511150-00002","article-title":"Long-term effects of small bowel transplantation on intestinal motility","volume":"60","author":"Kusunoki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.07.009","article-title":"Intestinal regeneration: regulation by the microenvironment","volume":"54","author":"Hageman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Develop Cell"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16427","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202216427","article-title":"Paneth cells as the cornerstones of intestinal and organismal health: a primer","volume":"15","author":"Wallaeys","year":"2023","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(67)91239-1","article-title":"Paneth-cell deficiency","volume":"1","author":"Creamer","year":"1967","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02374.x","article-title":"Paneth cell granule depletion in the human small intestine under infective and nutritional stress","volume":"135","author":"Kelly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.10.040","article-title":"Level of activation of the unfolded protein response correlates with Paneth cell apoptosis in human small intestine exposed to ischemia\/reperfusion","volume":"140","author":"Grootjans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000003257","article-title":"Paneth cell alterations during ischemia-reperfusion, follow-up, and graft rejection after intestinal transplantation","volume":"104","author":"Kip","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20259","article-title":"Two-step procedure of whole orthotopic intestinal transplantation in rats: considerations of techniques and graft functional adaptation","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1920120408","article-title":"Refined technique for intestinal transplantation in the rat","volume":"12","author":"Zhong","year":"1991","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(91)90680-r","article-title":"Fecal fat, cyclosporine, and alpha 1-antitrypsin for assessment of small bowel function following transplantation","volume":"26","author":"Kitagawa","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2015.04.004","article-title":"A non-invasive method to evaluate gastrointestinal transit behavior in rat","volume":"74","author":"Bove","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods"}],"container-title":["Transplant International"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontierspartnerships.org\/articles\/10.3389\/ti.2026.17141\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:10:11Z","timestamp":1791522611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontierspartnerships.org\/articles\/10.3389\/ti.2026.17141\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/ti.2026.17141"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/ti.2026.17141","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-2277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-2277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"article-number":"17141"}}