{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T20:55:47Z","timestamp":1761598547710,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The global evolution of resistance to Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs) by malaria parasites, will severely undermine our ability to control this devastating disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, we have used whole genome sequencing to characterize the genetic variation in the experimentally evolved Plasmodium chabaudi parasite clone AS-ATNMF1, which is resistant to artesunate + mefloquine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, one of which was a previously undescribed E738K mutation in a 26S proteasome subunit that was selected for under artesunate pressure (in AS-ATN) and retained in AS-ATNMF1. The wild type and mutated three-dimensional (3D) structure models and molecular dynamics simulations of the P. falciparum 26S proteasome subunit Rpn2 suggested that the E738K mutation could change the toroidal proteasome\/cyclosome domain organization and change the recognition of ubiquitinated proteins. The mutation in the 26S proteasome subunit may therefore contribute to altering oxidation-dependent ubiquitination of the MDR-1 and\/or K13 proteins and\/or other targets, resulting in changes in protein turnover. In light of the alarming increase in resistance to artemisin derivatives and ACT partner drugs in natural parasite populations, our results shed new light on the biology of resistance and provide information on novel molecular markers of resistance that may be tested (and potentially validated) in the field.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1353057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T04:43:03Z","timestamp":1709268183000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Whole genome sequencing identifies novel mutations in malaria parasites resistant to artesunate (ATN) and to ATN + mefloquine combination"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Gustavo Capatti","family":"Cassiano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Melina","family":"Mottin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bruno Junior","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carolina Horta","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro Eduardo","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Cravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2015.06.001","article-title":"GROMACS: High performance molecular simulations through multi-level parallelism from laptops to supercomputers","author":"Abraham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Software X"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.2.480-489.2006","article-title":"Malaria Parasites Can Develop Stable Resistance to Artemisinin but Lack Mutations in Candidate Genes atp6 (Encoding the Sarcoplasmic and Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ ATPase), tctp, mdr1, and cg10","volume":"50","author":"Afonso","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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