{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:50:36Z","timestamp":1753890636639,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Commun."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Digital journalism is well established in Portugal. However, the Portuguese public tend to opt for traditional media websites over those of a digital native nature. This research will confirm whether the reason for the national success of the former type of media is that their websites offer more participation mechanisms for the publics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on a qualitative methodology, an ad hoc methodological instrument was designed that allows for the evaluation of the ways in which audiences can interact with brands and content.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results are highly surprising, since it is not possible to verify any type of relationship between preferred media and the number of audience participation mechanisms. Experts on a Delphi panel attribute media selection to the audiences\u2019 interest in the stories covered and to the trust placed in the media.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomm.2024.1466140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T04:51:56Z","timestamp":1728881516000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The relationship between the most consumed digital media in Portugal and audience participation mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Sixto-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Duarte-Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Gabriel","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/17512786.2020.1716828","article-title":"Seeing eye to eye: a comparison of audiences\u2019 and journalists\u2019 perceptions of professional roles and how they relate to trust","volume":"15","author":"Abdenour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal. Pract."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1080\/17512786.2016.1209084","article-title":"How is participation practiced by \u201cIn-Betweeners\u201d of journalism?","volume":"11","author":"Ahva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal. Pract."},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"64","article-title":"Participation in local journalism. Assessing two approaches through access, dialogue and deliberation","volume":"7","author":"Ahva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sur Journal."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2012.750150","article-title":"Balancing between open and closed: co\u2013creation in magazine journalism","volume":"1","author":"Aitamurto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Digit. Journal."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1080\/17512786.2022.2161067","article-title":"Whistleblowers and their faith in journalism","volume":"1","author":"Assmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal. Pract."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.4185\/RLCS-2017-1165","article-title":"Interactivity in Latin American digital journalism. An analysis of the main digital media of Colombia, Mexico and Ecuador (2016)","volume":"72","author":"Barredo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Lat. Comun. Soc."},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"329","article-title":"Portugal","volume-title":"Cyberjournalism in Latin America","author":"Bastos","year":"2016"},{"volume-title":"History of online journalism in Portugal: the first twenty-five years","year":"2023","author":"Bastos","key":"ref11"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.33571\/revistaluciernaga.v6n12a2","article-title":"From audiences to prosumers conceptual approach","volume":"6","author":"Benassini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Luci\u00e9rnaga"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.17231\/comsoc.36(2019).2352","article-title":"Participation as a talisman: a metaphorical and theoretical reflection on the conceptualization of participation","volume":"36","author":"Bergillos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comun. Soc."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1080\/1461670X.2023.2173959","article-title":"Media, democracy and pluralism: exploring a radical response to the crisis of journalism","volume":"24","author":"Budarick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal. Stud."},{"volume-title":"Webjournalism: 7 characteristics that make a difference","year":"2014","author":"Canavilhas","key":"ref15"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26530\/OAPEN_606390","article-title":"Media and participation: a site of ideological-democratic struggle","author":"Carpentier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intellect"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"18","article-title":"Between uncertainty and experimentation: new business models of journalism in the digital environment","volume-title":"New challenges for the journalist. Innovation, creation and entrepreneurship","author":"Casero-Ripoll\u00e9s","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3916\/c33-2009-02-001","article-title":"Interactive communication in the cybermedia","volume":"17","author":"Cebri\u00e1n-Herreros","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comunicar"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1080\/1461670X.2021.1914709","article-title":"The imagined audience for news: where does a Journalist\u2019s perception of the audience come from?","volume":"22","author":"Coddington","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal. Stud."},{"key":"ref1005","first-page":"233","article-title":"Medios nativos digitales y anal\u00edticas web: c\u00f3mo interviene el conocimiento de la audiencia en la construcci\u00f3n de noticias","volume-title":"La innovaci\u00f3n de la innovaci\u00f3n: del medio al contenido predictivo","author":"Corzo-Archila","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1080\/1461670X.2020.1847681","article-title":"Understanding the audience turn in journalism: from quality discourse to innovation discourse as anchoring practices 1995\u20132020","volume":"21","author":"Costera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal. Stud."},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"122","article-title":"Reflections on participation as co-creation in the museum","volume":"19","author":"Cuenca-Amigo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Her Mus"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.15581\/003.35.1.63-80","article-title":"The news gap in the \u00abtriple digital agenda\u00bb: the different interests of media, audience and networks","volume":"35","author":"Diez-Gracia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun. Soc."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781473913882","volume-title":"Sampling and choosing cases in qualitative research: a realist approach","author":"Emmel","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1093\/hepl\/9780198820604.003.0019","article-title":"Political communication","volume-title":"Comparative politics","author":"Esser","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/02529203.2021.1924468","article-title":"A new exploration of journalism: strengthen the connection with its audience","volume":"42","author":"Fei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. China"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.25200\/BJR.v17n1.2021.1332","article-title":"Journalism in the attention economy: the relation between digital platforms and news organizations","volume":"17","author":"Garcia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz. Journal. Res."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2019.1711434","article-title":"Digital journalism after mobility. Digital","volume":"8","author":"Goggin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journalism"},{"volume-title":"Applied thematic analysis","year":"2011","author":"Guest","key":"ref29"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.10.008","article-title":"Social media as a catalyst for online deliberation? Exploring the affordances of Facebook and YouTube for political expression","volume":"29","author":"Halpern","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2011.591411","article-title":"Collective action on the web","volume":"15","author":"Harlow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inf. Commun. Soc."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444340747.ch10","article-title":"Fluid spaces, fluid journalism: The role of the \u201cactive recipient\u201d in participatory journalism","author":"Hermida","year":"2011","journal-title":"Particip. Journal."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2022.2086594","article-title":"Understanding social Media in Journalism Practice: a typology","volume":"10","author":"Humayun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Digit. Journal."},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"129","article-title":"Convergence culture. Where old and new media collide","volume":"20","author":"Jenkins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Aust. Cienc. Soc."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1080\/17512786.2020.1818607","article-title":"Are we close enough? Digital challenges to local journalists","volume":"16","author":"Jer\u00f3nimo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal. Pract."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/16522354.2021.1899741","article-title":"Influenced by media brands? A conjoint experiment on the effect of media brands on online media planners\u2019 decision-making","volume":"19","author":"Kouki-Block","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. media Bus. Stud."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"09","DOI":"10.3145\/epi.2020.jul.09","article-title":"Covid-19, digital media, and Facebook: interactions, treatment, and content analysis based on keywords of news","volume":"29","author":"L\u00e1zaro-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prof. Inform."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e290302","DOI":"10.3145\/epi.2020.may.02","article-title":"News about Covid-19 and 2019-nCoV in the Spanish media: the role of digital media in times of confinement","volume":"29","author":"L\u00e1zaro-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prof. Inform."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.7764\/cdi.39.966","article-title":"Iberian hyperlocal cybermedia: the birth of a new proximity network","volume":"39","author":"L\u00f3pez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cuadernos"},{"volume-title":"Qualitative research design: An interactive approach","year":"2013","author":"Maxwell","key":"ref40"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.5209\/ESMP.62228","article-title":"Journalistic production of novelty and news validity in Iberian cybermedia","volume":"24","author":"M\u00e9ndez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Estud. Sobre Mensaje Period\u00edstico"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.4185\/RLCS-2022-1515","article-title":"Website quality in digital media: literature review on general evaluation methods and indicators and reliability attributes","volume":"80","author":"Morales-Vargas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Lat. Comun. Soc."},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"123","article-title":"Digital native news media audiences: competing among the big journalistic brands","volume-title":"Digital native media in Spain","author":"Negredo","year":"2021"},{"year":"2022","author":"Newman","key":"ref44"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2021.1987947","article-title":"How the trick is done \u2013 conditions of success in entrepreneurial digital journalism","volume":"12","author":"O'Brien","year":"2021","journal-title":"Digit. Journal."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/1094670509357611","article-title":"Moving forward and making a difference: research priorities for the science of service","volume":"13","author":"Ostrom","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Serv. Res."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2021.1945472","article-title":"\u2018Lockdown\u2019 on digital journalism? Mapping threats to press freedom during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis","volume":"9","author":"Papadopoulou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Digit. Journal."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511720444","volume-title":"Participation and democratic theory","author":"Pateman","year":"1970"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3916\/C59-2019-10","article-title":"From media planner to media expert: the digital effect in advertising","volume":"27","author":"Perlado-Lamo-de-Espinosa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comunicar"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.1177\/14648849231173299","article-title":"(re)connecting with audiences. An overview of audience-inclusion initiatives in European French-speaking local news media","volume":"24","author":"Pignard-Cheynel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journalism"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/dir.20015","article-title":"Co-creation experiences: the next practice in value creation","volume":"18","author":"Prahalad","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3916\/C43-2014-08","article-title":"Active audiences: social audience participation in television","volume":"22","author":"Quintas-Froufe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comunicar"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2020.1835511","article-title":"Transnational news sharing on social media: measuring and Analysing twitter news media repertoires of domestic and foreign audience communities","volume":"8","author":"Rauchfleisch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Digit. Journal."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.25768\/1646-4979n34-07","article-title":"Quality and business models in the middle of proximity. Study of cases in Germany Spain and Portugal","volume":"34","author":"Rivas-de-Roca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Estudos Comun."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3145\/epi.2019.ene.01","article-title":"Digital journalism: 25 years of research","volume":"28","author":"Salaverr\u00eda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Review"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"55","article-title":"Native generalist and specialized digital media","volume-title":"Native digital media in Spain","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref1002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e290426","DOI":"10.3145\/epi.2020.jul.26","article-title":"Oportunidades para la cocreaci\u00f3n de contenidos en los diarios nativos digitales","volume":"29","author":"Sixto-Garc\u00eda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Profesional de la Inform."},{"key":"ref1003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.15198\/seeci.2021.54.e738","article-title":"Verification systems in digital native media and audience involvement in the fight against disinformation in the iberian model","volume":"54","author":"Sixto-Garc\u00eda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. de Comunicaci\u00f3n de la SEECI."},{"key":"ref1004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1177\/1464884920984698","article-title":"Co-creation in North American and European digital native media: Web, social networks and offline spaces","volume":"23","author":"Sixto-Garc\u00eda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Lat. Comun. Soc."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2019.1581071","article-title":"What Does Digital Journalism Studies Look Like?","volume":"7","author":"Steensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Digit. Journal."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1080\/09537325.2018.1521956","article-title":"Design and evaluation of ranking-type Delphi studies using best-worst-scaling","volume":"31","author":"Strasser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tech. Anal. Strat. Manag."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1080\/17512786.2019.1591928","article-title":"Missing the big wave: citizens\u2019 discourses against the participatory formats adopted by news media","volume":"13","author":"Suau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal. Pract."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2021.2024764","article-title":"Advancing a radical audience turn in journalism. Fundamental dilemmas for journalism studies. Digital","volume":"10","author":"Swart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journalism"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13527266.2023.2177709","article-title":"Customer participation, positive electronic word-of-mouth intention and repurchase intention: the mediation effect of online brand community trust","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mark. Commun."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1080\/01402382.2022.2087410","article-title":"Platform affordances and political participation: how social media reshape political engagement","volume":"46","author":"Theocharis","year":"2023","journal-title":"West Eur. Polit."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.20287\/ec.n25.v1.a11","article-title":"Audience and cross-media: study of news consumption patterns in Portugal","volume":"25","author":"Torres da Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stud. Commun."},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"700","article-title":"Rethinking the classic values of journalism: the challenge of a tangled-up profession","author":"Toural","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"83","article-title":"Reference digital native media","volume-title":"Digital native media in Spain","author":"V\u00e1zquez-Herrero","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2018.1545592","article-title":"The 5Ws and 1H of digital journalism","volume":"7","author":"Waisbord","year":"2019","journal-title":"Digit. Journal."},{"volume-title":"Democratic Communications in the Information age","year":"1992","author":"Wasko","key":"ref67"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1080\/17512786.2021.1873167","article-title":"The tragedy of errors: political ideology, perceived journalistic quality, and media trust","volume":"16","author":"Wilner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal. Pract."},{"volume-title":"Online journalism: The potential of the internet in Portuguese news sites","year":"2008","author":"Zamith","key":"ref69"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Communication"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcomm.2024.1466140\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T04:52:01Z","timestamp":1728881521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcomm.2024.1466140\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcomm.2024.1466140"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcomm.2024.1466140","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-900X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2297-900X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"article-number":"1466140"}}