{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T22:27:22Z","timestamp":1770071242789,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Educ."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic led educational systems worldwide to transpose activities planned for face-to-face education to mediated contexts - through what is known as Emergency Remote Teaching and Learning (ERTL). This posed unprecedented challenges to schools, teachers, families, and students. In this context, it was relevant to describe and understand how parents perceived this process, including what challenges to themselves and their children they faced and what advantages they acknowledged in the process. The present study focuses on Portuguese parents\u2019 views on this process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were gathered in April and May 2020 through an online questionnaire answered by 184 parents of preschool, basic, and secondary education students (ages 3\u201318). The present paper presents data from open questions analyzed by deductive and inductive content analysis using MaxQDA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results evidence three overarching themes: equity, parental labor, and the meaning of school. Parents reveal substantial difficulties juggling the role of proxy educator and parent and point to inequalities - including those concerning very young children, children with disabilities or learning difficulties, students enrolled in professional education, families with insufficient access to technologies, and parents working from home. The school is portrayed as a crucial environment for development, a designated space for learning and caretaking, but also a relational and emotional context. Despite this scenario, parents acknowledge ERTL as having positive aspects and as the possible outlet to keep education going even in extreme situations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2023.1150076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T04:58:52Z","timestamp":1681361932000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Educators by proxy: Emergency remote teaching and learning in the voice of parents"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Filipa","family":"Seabra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Abelha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Aires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Moreira","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1038\/S41598-021-81720-8","article-title":"Perceived stress as mediator for longitudinal effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on wellbeing of parents and children","volume":"11","author":"Achterberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X11410403","article-title":"Code of ethics American Educational Research Association","volume":"40","year":"2011","journal-title":"Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.11591\/ijere.v10i3.21136","article-title":"Learning at home: parents\u2019 lived experiences on distance learning during COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines","volume":"10","author":"Agaton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Eval. Res. Educ."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1111\/fare.12558","article-title":"Parental burnout and the COVID-19 pandemic: how Portuguese parents experienced lockdown measures","volume":"70","author":"Aguiar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fam. Relat."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1108\/ILS-04-2020-0100","article-title":"Emergency remote teaching across urban and rural contexts: perspectives on educational equity emergency remote teaching 471","volume":"121","author":"Aguliera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inform. Learn. Sci."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4817","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-021-10812-9","article-title":"The perceptions of female breadwinner parents regarding their children\u2019s distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic","volume":"27","author":"Aladsani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Educ. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9931","DOI":"10.3390\/SU14169931","article-title":"Ethnographic reflections of K\u201312 distance education in Saudi Arabia: shaping the future of post-pandemic digital education","volume":"14","author":"Aladsani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability (Switzerland)"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/13540602.2021.2012758","article-title":"Battling to keep education going: Chilean and Portuguese teacher experiences in COVID-19 times","volume":"28","author":"\u00c1valos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Teach. Teach. Theory Pract."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233285842110584","DOI":"10.1177\/23328584211058471","article-title":"Remote learning, COVID-19, and children with disabilities","volume":"7","author":"Averett","year":"2021","journal-title":"AERA Open"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3102\/0091732X12459718\/FORMAT\/EPUB","article-title":"Equity issues in parental and community involvement in schools: what teacher educators need to know","volume":"37","author":"Baquedano-L\u00f3pez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Res. Educ."},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Understanding Pandemic Pedagogy: Differences Between Emergency Remote, remote, and Online Teaching","volume-title":"State of the Nation: K-12 E-Learning in Canada Project","author":"Barbour","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"288","article-title":"An\u00e1lise de Conte\u00fado","volume":"70","author":"Bardin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Edi\u00e7\u00f5es"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1037\/BUL0000201","article-title":"The relation between parents\u2019 involvement in children\u2019s schooling and children\u2019s adjustment: a meta-analysis","volume":"145","author":"Barger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764020970240","article-title":"Parental psychological distress associated with COVID-19 outbreak: a large-scale multicenter survey from Turkey","volume":"67","author":"B\u0131kmazer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref15","author":"Bol","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.3778083","article-title":"Emergency remote teaching in a time of global crisis due to Corona virus pandemic","volume":"15","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J. Distance Educ."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104699","article-title":"Stress and parenting during the global COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"110","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1177\/1365480220958797","article-title":"Learning from the COVID-19 home-schooling experience: listening to pupils, parents\/carers and teachers","volume":"23","author":"Bubb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Improv. Sch."},{"key":"ref19","author":"Cabral","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/S00787-021-01739-0","article-title":"Families in the COVID-19 pandemic: parental stress, parent mental health and the occurrence of adverse childhood experiences\u2014results of a representative survey in Germany","volume":"31","author":"Calvano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1177\/1476718X221098671\/FORMAT\/EPUB","article-title":"\u201cThe whole experience is still very high touch for parents\u201d: parent moves to support young children\u2019s remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"20","author":"Carrell Moore","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Early Child. Res."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/NU12082352","article-title":"The impact of covid-19 on health behavior, stress, financial and food security among middle to high income Canadian families with young children","volume":"12","author":"Carroll","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches","author":"Creswell","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Qualitative inquiry and research design","volume-title":"Choosing among five approaches","author":"Creswell","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.11120\/jebe.2010.05010027","article-title":"Overcoming isolation in distance learning: building a learning community through time and space","volume":"5","author":"Croft","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Educ. Built Environ."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1007\/s42438-020-00187-4","article-title":"A wake-up call: equity, inequality and Covid-19 emergency remote teaching and learning","volume":"2","author":"Czerniewicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Postdigital Science and Education"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3640","DOI":"10.3390\/su13073640","article-title":"Parents\u2019 perspectives on remote learning in the pandemic context","volume":"13","author":"Daniela","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustainability (Switzerland)"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X20978806","article-title":"Distance learning and parental mental health during COVID-19","volume":"50","author":"Davis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6442","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19116442","article-title":"Child disruptions, remote learning, and parent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"19","author":"Deeb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/S11159-022-09965-7","article-title":"Educational inequalities in France: a survey on parenting practices during the first COVID-19 lockdown","volume":"68","author":"Del\u00e8s","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Educ."},{"key":"ref01","article-title":"The Likely Impact of COVID-19 on Education: Reflections Based on The Existing Literature and Recent International Datasets","author":"Di Pietro","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.26529\/cepsj.1131","article-title":"Parents\u2019 opinions about their Children\u2019s distance learning during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic","volume":"12","author":"Drvodeli\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Center for Educ. Policy Stud. J."},{"key":"ref02","article-title":"Efficiency and Equity in European education and training systems. Communication from the Commission to the Council and to the European Parliament","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref03","article-title":"The European Education Area: a shared holistic approach P9_TA(2021)0452. 2020\/2243(INI)","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.21814\/rpe.21108","article-title":"Ensinar em tempos de COVID-19: um estudo com professores dos ensinos b\u00e1sico e secund\u00e1rio em Portugal","volume":"34","author":"Fernandes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Revista Portuguesa de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/soc10040086","article-title":"Online learning and emergency remote teaching: opportunities and challenges in emergency situations","volume":"10","author":"Ferri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Societies"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.24840\/esc.vi59.339","article-title":"Ensino remoto de emerg\u00eancia em tempos de pandemia: a experi\u00eancia de professores portugueses","volume":"21","author":"Flores","year":"2021","journal-title":"Revista Portuguesa de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Educacional"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1080\/02607476.2020.1799709","article-title":"Teacher education in times of COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal: national, institutional and pedagogical responses","volume":"46","author":"Flores","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Educ. Teach."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s10780-021-09420-w","article-title":"\u2018Homeschooling\u2019 and the COVID-19 crisis: the insights of parents on curriculum and remote learning","volume":"52","author":"Fontenelle-Tereshchuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Interchange"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.3390\/EDUCSCI12070488","article-title":"Parent\u2013teacher interactions during COVID-19: experiences of U.S. teachers of students with severe disabilities","volume":"12","author":"Francis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Educ. Sci."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114025","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SOCSCIMED.2021.114025","article-title":"Understanding at-the-moment stress for parents during COVID-19 stay-at-home restrictions","volume":"279","author":"Freisthler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.29333\/ajqr\/8471","article-title":"Parents\u2019 experiences with remote education during COVID-19 school closures","volume":"4","author":"Garbe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Qual. Res."},{"key":"ref41","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref42","volume-title":"The practice of qualitative data analysis","author":"Gizzi","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.3390\/EDUCSCI12110745","article-title":"It flows both ways: relationships between families and educators during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"12","author":"Haines","year":"2022","journal-title":"Educ. Sci."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2021.700441","article-title":"Parents\u2019 perceptions of school support during COVID-19: what satisfies parents?","volume":"6","author":"Haller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Educ."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-022-02936-3","article-title":"Overwhelmed by learning in lockdown: effects of Covid-19-enforced homeschooling on parents\u2019 well-being","volume":"164","author":"Heers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc. Indic. Res."},{"key":"ref46","volume-title":"Revised outlook for higher Ed\u2019s online response to COVID-19","author":"Hill","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-022-00756-3","article-title":"Fostering school-home partnerships: transforming learning as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"66","author":"Hill","year":"2022","journal-title":"TechTrends"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning","author":"Hodges","year":"2000","journal-title":"Educ. Rev."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.12973\/eu-jer.11.4.2345","article-title":"Challenges of online education for teachers and parents in the Emirati school system","volume":"11","author":"Khaled","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100463","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EDUREV.2022.100463","article-title":"Fifty years of parental involvement and achievement research: a second-order meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Educ. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Article 974558","DOI":"10.3389\/FEDUC.2022.974558\/PDF","article-title":"Home schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom: the experience of families of children with neurodevelopmental conditions","volume":"7","author":"Kouroupa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Educ."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-15671-8","volume-title":"Analyzing qualitative data with MAXQDA text, audio, and video","author":"Kuckartz","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29193-9","article-title":"Emotional and behavioral changes in French children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective study","volume":"13","author":"Landman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106002","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CHILDYOUTH.2021.106002","article-title":"A scoping review on psychosocial consequences of pandemics on parents and children: planning for today and the future","volume":"125","author":"Lateef","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1080\/10409289.2021.1950451","article-title":"Online learning and parent satisfaction during COVID-19: child competence in independent learning as a moderator","volume":"32","author":"Lau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Early Educ. Dev."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1080\/15348431.2020.1815537","article-title":"Beyond deficit and determinism to address the Latinx attainment gap","volume":"22","author":"Leo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Latinos Educ."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115301","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SOCSCIMED.2022.115301","article-title":"Associations of parenting daily hassles with parents\u2019 mental health during the COVID-19 school closure","volume":"311","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106190","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CHILDYOUTH.2021.106190","article-title":"Parents\u2019 and adolescents\u2019 perceptions of parental involvement and their relationships with depression among Chinese middle school students during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"129","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s11125-020-09527-5","article-title":"The educational impact of the Covid-19 rapid response on teachers, students, and families: insights from British Columbia, Canada","volume":"51","author":"MacDonald","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prospects"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2021.101016","article-title":"Fathers matter: Intrahousehold responsibilities and children\u2019s wellbeing during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy","volume":"42","author":"Mangiavacchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Econ. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/10664807221131011","article-title":"The impact of distance learning on parental stress during the second COVID-19 lockdown in Germany","author":"May","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fam. J."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.47197\/RETOS.V47.94936","article-title":"Levels of physical activity in Portuguese children: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"47","author":"Merce","year":"2023","journal-title":"Retos"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6699","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-021-10520-4","article-title":"Emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic: parents experiences and perspectives","volume":"26","author":"Misirli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Educ. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18675\/1981-8106.v32.n.65.s15627","article-title":"Ensino remoto emergencial: as dificuldades na perspectiva de m\u00e3es e m\u00e3es-professoras","volume":"32","author":"Niels","year":"2022","journal-title":"Educa\u00e7\u00e3o: Teoria e Pr\u00e1tica"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1037\/spq0000483","article-title":"Parental burnout and remote learning at home during the COVID-19 pandemic: parents\u2019 motivations for involvement","volume":"37","author":"Nyanamba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sch. Psychol."},{"key":"ref68","volume-title":"The state of school education","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.35362\/rie8614346","article-title":"Educa\u00e7\u00e3o b\u00e1sica e pandemia. Um estudo sobre as perce\u00e7\u00f5es dos professores na realidade portuguesa","volume":"86","author":"Pacheco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Revista Iberoamericana de Educaci\u00f3n"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1080\/03004279.2020.1812689","article-title":"Difficult situations and ways of coping with them in the experiences of parents homeschooling their children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland","volume":"49","author":"Parczewska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Education"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-96977-6","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 on early childhood education and care","volume":"18","author":"Pattnaik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Springer"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/su122310128","article-title":"Self-perception of the digital competence of educators during the covid-19 pandemic: a cross-analysis of different educational stages","volume":"12","author":"Portillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainability (Switzerland)"},{"key":"ref73","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/08856257.2021.1874152","article-title":"\u2018Homeschooling in times of corona\u2019: exploring Mexican and German primary school students\u2019 and parents\u2019 chances and challenges during homeschooling","volume":"36","author":"Pozas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Spec. Needs Educ."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-021-01982-8","article-title":"Disengaged, positive, or negative: parents\u2019 attitudes toward learning from home amid COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"30","author":"Pratama","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Child Fam. Stud."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.29333\/iji.2022.15438a","article-title":"Parents of children with disability: educational needs and challenges the impact of Covid-19 on parents of children with disability: educational needs and challenges","volume":"15","author":"Rababah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J."},{"key":"ref77","volume-title":"Step by step focused analysis of qualitative interviews with MAXQDA","author":"R\u00e4diker","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105802","article-title":"Remaining motivated despite the limitations: university students\u2019 learning propensity during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"120","author":"Rahiem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Implementing deeper learning and 21st education reforms building an education renaissance after a global pandemic","author":"Reimers","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref80","author":"Reimers","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci11060302","article-title":"Parental involvement during pandemic times: challenges and opportunities","volume":"11","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Educ. Sci."},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1037\/DEV0001232","article-title":"Distance learning, parent\u2013child interactions, and affective well-being of parents and children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a daily diary study","volume":"57","author":"Schmidt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3390\/su14010301","article-title":"Learning in troubled times: parents\u2019 perspectives on emergency remote teaching and learning","volume":"14","author":"Seabra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability (Switzerland)"},{"key":"ref84","article-title":"Emergency remote teaching and learning and teachers\u2019 digital competence","author":"Seabra","year":"","journal-title":"Revista Electr\u00f3nica de Investigaci\u00f3n Educativa."},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci11070349","article-title":"Emergency remote teaching and learning in Portugal: preschool to secondary school teachers\u2019 perceptions","volume":"11","author":"Seabra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Educ. Sci."},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci11060268","article-title":"Let students talk about emergency remote teaching experience: secondary students\u2019 perceptions on their experience during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"11","author":"Sofianidis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Educ. Sci."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s11125-020-09528-4","article-title":"Quality early childhood education for all and the Covid-19 crisis: a viewpoint","volume":"51","author":"Spiteri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prospects"},{"key":"ref88","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref89","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref90","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105748","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CHILDYOUTH.2020.105748","article-title":"Assesment of parent-child relationship in Covid-19 pandemic","volume":"120","author":"Uzun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s10804-021-09381-5","article-title":"Parent-child relationships and the COVID-19 pandemic: an exploratory qualitative study with parents in early, middle, and late adulthood","volume":"28","author":"Vaterlaus","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adult Dev."},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12550","article-title":"COVID-related distress, mental health, and substance use in adolescents and young adults","volume":"27","author":"Villanti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Adolesc. Mental Health"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1080\/01587919.2013.835779","article-title":"Students\u2019 characteristics, self-regulated learning, technology self-efficacy, and course outcomes in online learning","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Distance Educ."},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1080\/10409289.2020.1843925","article-title":"Parents\u2019 views on young Children\u2019s distance learning and screen time during COVID-19 class suspension in Hong Kong","volume":"32","author":"Yi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Early Educ. Dev."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Education"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/feduc.2023.1150076\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T04:59:05Z","timestamp":1681361945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/feduc.2023.1150076\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"references-count":95,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/feduc.2023.1150076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feduc.2023.1150076","relation":{},"ISSN":["2504-284X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2504-284X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"article-number":"1150076"}}