{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:10:09Z","timestamp":1788876609280,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012659","name":"Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005089","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare cardiovascular and renal benefits and safety of GLP-1RAs, SGLT2is, and nsMRAs in T2D-CKD using network meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RCTs published through 7 August 2026 were systematically identified. A frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis was performed. Evidence certainty was assessed with CINeMA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 21 RCTs involving 51,899 patients were included. Compared with placebo, nsMRAs were associated with lower risks of the major kidney composite outcome and hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), whereas SGLT2is were associated with lower risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), the major kidney composite outcome, and HHF. GLP-1RAs were associated with lower risks of MACE, the major kidney composite outcome, HHF, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular death. Between-class indirect comparisons suggested a lower estimated risk of the major kidney composite outcome with SGLT2is than with GLP-1RAs (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.64\u20130.91) or nsMRAs (nsMRAs versus SGLT2is: RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.10\u20131.50). The estimated risk of HHF was also lower with SGLT2is than with nsMRAs (nsMRAs versus SGLT2is: RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.01\u20131.63). For cardiovascular death, the indirect estimate suggested a lower risk with GLP-1RAs than with SGLT2is (SGLT2is versus GLP-1RAs: RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.03\u20131.58), whereas the comparison between nsMRAs and GLP-1RAs did not reach statistical significance (RR 1.24, 95% CI 0.99\u20131.56). No statistically significant between-class differences were identified for MACE or all-cause mortality. All between-class comparisons were based exclusively on indirect evidence. Safety analyses showed higher risks of hyperkalemia with nsMRAs and genital infections with SGLT2is than with placebo. Sensitivity analyses broadly supported the main findings. Confidence in the evidence was mostly low to moderate, primarily because of indirectness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In patients with T2D-CKD, all three drug classes reduced several cardiorenal outcomes versus placebo. Between-class indirect comparisons suggested more favorable relative-effect estimates for SGLT2is on major kidney outcomes and HHF in selected comparisons, and for GLP-1RAs on cardiovascular death. No clear between-class difference was observed for MACE. Because the network lacked head-to-head comparisons between active drug classes, these findings and treatment rankings should be interpreted cautiously. Direct comparative and combination-therapy trials are needed to guide individualized treatment selection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/view\/CRD420251150683<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier CRD420251150683.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1937754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:40:50Z","timestamp":1788874850000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy and safety of GLP-1RAs, SGLT2is, and nsMRAs for cardiovascular and renal outcomes in T2DM with CKD: a systematic review and network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hongli","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guang\u2019anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuejie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guang\u2019anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyi","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feihong","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guang\u2019anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongtong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guang\u2019anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guang\u2019anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuedong","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guang\u2019anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongli","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guang\u2019anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-023-01202-x","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetic patients worldwide, systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Fenta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2012070718","article-title":"Kidney disease and increased mortality risk in type 2 diabetes","volume":"24","author":"Afkarian","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11491116","article-title":"Diabetic kidney disease: challenges, progress, and possibilities","volume":"12","author":"Alicic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci23-0030","article-title":"Diabetic nephropathy: update on pillars of therapy slowing progression","volume":"46","author":"Naaman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci22-0027","article-title":"Diabetes management in chronic kidney disease: a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)","volume":"45","author":"de Boer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.12.027","article-title":"Renoprotective effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors","volume":"94","author":"Heerspink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2017.123","article-title":"GLP-1 and the kidney: from physiology to pharmacology and outcomes in diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Muskiet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa736","article-title":"Steroidal and non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in cardiorenal medicine","volume":"42","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01676-5","article-title":"Network meta-analysis on the effects of finerenone versus SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403347","article-title":"Effects of semaglutide on chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"391","author":"Perkovic","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n160","article-title":"PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12348","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin over 52 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease","volume":"16","author":"Yale","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036418","article-title":"Effects of liraglutide versus placebo on cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease","volume":"138","author":"Mann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827","article-title":"Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003082","article-title":"CINeMA: An approach for assessing confidence in the results of a network meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Nikolakopoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cl2.1080","article-title":"CINeMA: Software for semiautomated assessment of the confidence in the results of network meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Papakonstantinou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Campbell Syst Rev"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2025845","article-title":"Effect of finerenone on chronic kidney disease outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"383","author":"Bakris","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2110956","article-title":"Cardiovascular events with finerenone in kidney disease and type 2 diabetes","volume":"385","author":"Pitt","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1612917","article-title":"EXSCEL effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"377","author":"Holman","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-1065","article-title":"Microvascular and cardiovascular outcomes according to renal function in patients treated with once-weekly exenatide: insights from the EXSCEL trial","volume":"43","author":"Bethel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31149-3","article-title":"Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"394","author":"Gerstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31150-X","article-title":"Dulaglutide and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an exploratory analysis of the REWIND randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"394","author":"Gerstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901118","article-title":"PIONEER 6,2019 oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"381","author":"Husain","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70208-0","article-title":"EMPA-REG RENAL efficacy and safety of empagliflozin added to existing antidiabetes treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"2","author":"Barnett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504720","article-title":"Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes","volume":"373","author":"Zinman","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1515920","article-title":"Empagliflozin and progression of kidney disease in type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Wanner","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.356","article-title":"Long-term study of patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment shows that dapagliflozin reduces weight and blood pressure but does not improve glycemic control","volume":"85","author":"Kohan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13413","article-title":"DERIVE efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment (chronic kidney disease stage 3A): the DERIVE study","volume":"20","author":"Fioretto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30086-5","article-title":"DELIGHT albuminuria-lowering effect of dapagliflozin alone and in combination with saxagliptin and effect of dapagliflozin and saxagliptin on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (DELIGHT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Pollock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812389","article-title":"DECLARE-TIMI 58 dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"380","author":"Wiviott","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30369-7","article-title":"Effects of dapagliflozin on major adverse kidney and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease: a prespecified analysis from the DAPA-CKD trial","volume":"9","author":"Wheeler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024816","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"383","author":"Heerspink","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30141-4","article-title":"Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: results from the CANVAS Program randomised clinical trials","volume":"6","author":"Perkovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611925","article-title":"CANVAS canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes","volume":"377","author":"Neal","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035901","article-title":"Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with canagliflozin according to baseline kidney function","volume":"138","author":"Neuen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1811744","article-title":"CREDENCE canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy","volume":"380","author":"Perkovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.03.417","article-title":"Allegretti,2019 safety and effectiveness of bexagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stage 3a\/3b CKD","volume":"74","author":"Allegretti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2004967","article-title":"VERTIS CV cardiovascular outcomes with ertugliflozin in type 2 diabetes","volume":"383","author":"Cannon","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2021-002484","article-title":"Glycemic efficacy and safety of the SGLT2 inhibitor ertugliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and stage 3 chronic kidney disease: an analysis from the VERTIS CV randomized trial","volume":"9","author":"Dagogo-Jack","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2030186","article-title":"SCORED,2021 sotagliflozin in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease","volume":"384","author":"Bhatt","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15009","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01197-z","article-title":"Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with SGLT-2 inhibitors versus GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Yamada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-0256-y","article-title":"The tubular hypothesis of nephron filtration and diabetic kidney disease","volume":"16","author":"Vallon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-031620-095920","article-title":"Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on kidney and cardiovascular function","volume":"83","author":"Vallon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-021-01442-z","article-title":"Renal protection with SGLT2 inhibitors: effects in acute and chronic kidney disease","volume":"22","author":"Bailey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rep"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018010103","article-title":"Empagliflozin and kidney function decline in patients with type 2 diabetes: a slope analysis from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial","volume":"29","author":"Wanner","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00689.2014","article-title":"Acute SGLT inhibition normalizes O2 tension in the renal cortex but causes hypoxia in the renal medulla in anaesthetized control and diabetic rats","volume":"309","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4859-4","article-title":"Canagliflozin reduces inflammation and fibrosis biomarkers: a potential mechanism of action for beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic kidney disease","volume":"62","author":"Heerspink","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00432.2018","article-title":"Renal tubular effects of prolonged therapy with the GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"316","author":"Tonneijck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.09.029","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor signaling modifies the extent of diabetic kidney disease through dampening the receptor for advanced glycation end products-induced inflammation","volume":"105","author":"Sourris","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12063","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, on human peripheral lymphocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"4","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-2028-x","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist ameliorates renal injury through its anti-inflammatory action without lowering blood glucose level in a rat model of type 1 diabetes","volume":"54","author":"Kodera","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.06.009","article-title":"The cardiovascular biology of glucagon-like peptide-1","volume":"24","author":"Drucker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-023-00849-3","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: cardiovascular benefits and mechanisms of action","volume":"20","author":"Ussher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2018.09.004","article-title":"The GLP-1 analogs liraglutide and semaglutide reduce atherosclerosis in ApoE-\/- and LDLr-\/- mice by a mechanism that includes inflammatory pathways","volume":"3","author":"Rakipovski","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101102","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes - state-of-the-art","volume":"46","author":"Nauck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.04.016","article-title":"Aldosterone, mineralocorticoid receptor activation, and CKD: a review of evolving treatment paradigms","volume":"80","author":"Epstein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15747","article-title":"Novel non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in cardiorenal disease","volume":"179","author":"Kintscher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1125693","article-title":"Cardiovascular-renal protective effect and molecular mechanism of finerenone in type 2 diabetic mellitus","volume":"14","author":"Lv","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-025-04456-8","article-title":"Role and application prospective of non-steroidal MRA in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease","volume":"57","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-025-04530-1","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists promote renal immunosenescence","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000091","article-title":"Finerenone, a novel selective nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist protects from rat cardiorenal injury","volume":"64","author":"Kolkhof","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab777","article-title":"Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the FIDELITY pooled analysis","volume":"43","author":"Agarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.70075","article-title":"Finerenone in chronic kidney disease: a comprehensive review of mechanisms, efficacy and safety","volume":"41","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1937754\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:40:52Z","timestamp":1788874852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1937754\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2026.1937754"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1937754","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"article-number":"1937754"}}