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Environ. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>For the droplets with different size distribution, reasonably selecting the frequency and period of acoustic waves are of great significance to acoustic agglomeration. To investigate critical responses of microdroplets under the action of low-frequency acoustic waves, laboratory experiments and numerical simulations of acoustic interference were conducted, and statistical test and theoretical analysis were carried out. A total of 1,680 sets of experiments were performed, from which about 300,000 particle size samples were collected, with sound frequency of 30\u2013280\u00a0Hz and the sound pressure level (<jats:italic>SPL<\/jats:italic>) of 70\u2013130\u00a0dB. Droplet size distribution (DSD), equilibrium response time (<jats:italic>ERT<\/jats:italic>), the nodal plane in the air chamber and entrainment coefficient were analyzed. The critical <jats:italic>SPL<\/jats:italic> of acoustic agglomeration was 110 \u00b1 15\u00a0dB based on average droplet size increment, and the variation of droplet size indicated that the <jats:italic>ERT<\/jats:italic> of acoustic intervention on microdroplets under the critical <jats:italic>SPL<\/jats:italic> was 44 \u00b1 12\u00a0s. In addition, lower sound frequencies corresponded to larger widths of droplet size with significant response (<jats:italic>DSSR<\/jats:italic>), which were jointly affected by sound pressure gradient (<jats:italic>SPG<\/jats:italic>), the entrainment coefficient and the droplet concentration. For microdroplets with unknown particle size distribution, acoustic intervention with variable frequencies is suggested for fog elimination and precipitation enhancement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2022.972648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T07:20:11Z","timestamp":1664522411000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Investigation of critical response characteristics of micro-droplets under the action of low-frequency acoustic waves"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhifeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiahua","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The hydrogen and oxygen isotope characteristic of droplet collision and deposition under the action of acoustic wave","volume":"40","author":"Bai","year":"","journal-title":"J. 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