{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T18:27:04Z","timestamp":1767205624836,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Environ. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a facultative anaerobic bacterium mainly found in the lower intestines of mammals. It is transferred to soils via animal feces and can splash onto plant surfaces during rainfall or be taken up through roots into the plant tissue. Subsequently, it can pose a risk to farm workers handling the soil or the vegetation, or groundwater quality through leaching. Many inoculation studies show that\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    can survive in soils for weeks to months. The few field studies that have been published suggest\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    can survive for longer in cold and wet soils. We analyzed 20 topsoil samples from a relatively warm and aerobic Mediterranean pasture soil where grazing, and therefore manure inputs, had been excluded for 24\u00a0months, using the shotgun DNA sequencing method. We found that\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    had not only survived for 2\u00a0years, but it had also comparatively thrived, as evidenced by its relative abundance of 17.0% in the control treatment and 20.2% in the biochar-amended treatment (no significant difference). Within-treatment variation was low for the control soil (coefficient of variation of 0.15) and approximately double that for the biochar-amended soil (0.28). There were no correlations between the relative abundance of\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and soil organic matter content, available P, soil texture, pH, or other soil nutrients. Our results suggest the existence of a naturalized\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    soil population, with potentially important implications for farm management, as well as for environmental and public health under the One Health umbrella.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2025.1638383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T22:10:20Z","timestamp":1756419020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Escherichia coli thrives in soil 24 months after grazing exclusion in a rainfed Mediterranean biodiverse pasture"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Frank","family":"Verheijen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antun","family":"Jelin\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Jeffery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Domingos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Khodaparast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Catarina","family":"Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8399","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-023-05002-8","article-title":"Hydrophobic biochar enhances Escherichia coli retention in a sandy loam soil influenced by irrigation management","volume":"20","author":"Ahmadimoghadam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. 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Total Environ."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028x.jfp-19-331","article-title":"Biocidal activity of fast pyrolysis biochar against Escherichia coli O157: H7 in soil varies based on production temperature or age of biochar","volume":"83","author":"Gurtler","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"B10","volume-title":"World reference base for soil resources 2014: international soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. world soil resources reports no. 106","year":"2014"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-2743.1999.tb00069.x","article-title":"Potential health risks associated with the persistence of Escherichia coli O157 in agricultural environments","volume":"15","author":"Jones","year":"1999","journal-title":"Soil Use Manag."},{"key":"B13","unstructured":"Biochar, plant productivity and community structure: a two-year study in a newly sown legume-rich pasture in Portugal under ambient and reduced precipitation\n          \n          \n            \n              Jongen\n              M.\n            \n            \n              Bastos\n              A. C.\n            \n            \n              Jelin\u010di\u0107\n              A.\n            \n            \n              Sim\u00f5es\n              L.\n            \n            \n              Gonzalez Pelayo\n              O.\n            \n            \n              Niemeyer\n              J.\n            \n          \n          \n          2025"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923","article-title":"Fast gapped-read alignment with bowtie 2","volume":"9","author":"Langmead","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/jeq2.20448","article-title":"Escherichia coli runoff from sheep and dairy cow grazed pasture: a plot scale simulation","volume":"52","author":"Muirhead","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. 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