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Specifically, we develop mixed integer programming models for spatial optimization that incorporate a wildfire resistance index as well as constraints on the size of clearcut openings. The former is used to enforce a minimum level of resistance to wildfire while the latter limits the size of openings, in each period of the planning horizon. Timber volume even flow is another concern that is also taken into account. This research is applied to the Zonas de Interven\u00e7\u00e3o Florestal (ZIF) de Paiva and de Entre-Douro e Sousa (ZIF_VS) which are located in northwestern Portugal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/ffgc.2023.1177698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T08:17:15Z","timestamp":1688372235000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Integrating wildfire resistance and environmental concerns into a sustainable forest ecosystem management approach"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Liliana","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Nascimento Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Constantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Susete","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jose G.","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1139\/X10-151","article-title":"Integrated spatial fire and forest management planning","volume":"40","author":"Acuna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can. 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