{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T21:15:56Z","timestamp":1768425356667,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Mar. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Limpets are keystone grazers on rocky shores. We studied spatial patterns of four co-occurring patellids (<jats:italic>Patella ulyssiponensis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Patella depressa<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Patella rustica<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Patella vulgata<\/jats:italic>) and one siphonariid (<jats:italic>Siphonaria pectinata<\/jats:italic>) across rockpools and their surrounds. Our approach considered each rockpool as a concentric system of three micro-habitats where limpets were censused (species, counts, and size of individuals): inside rockpool, edge zone, and surrounding open-rock. The whole intertidal zone was sampled on six rocky shores with contrasting landscape variability (amount of open-rock and other micro-habitats) in Southwest Portugal. Additionally, open-rock surfaces far away (&amp;gt;25cm) from rockpools were surveyed on the mid-shore. Three groups of predictors (\u201cphysical, habitat-composition, and connectivity variables\u201d) were assessed for each rockpool system. Limpets of various sizes of the three most common species\u2014<jats:italic>P. ulyssiponensis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>P. depressa<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>S. pectinata<\/jats:italic>\u2014were found to coexist inside and outside rockpools on all shores, with rockpools extending their vertical distribution upwards.<jats:italic>Patella vulgata<\/jats:italic>was rare;<jats:italic>P. rustica<\/jats:italic>was absent from rockpools and their edges. Intra-specific connectivity (correlations in density of the same species between adjacent micro-habitats) showed a decreasing gradient with distance from the pool, being sharper for<jats:italic>P. ulyssiponensis<\/jats:italic>(a largely rockpool-resident) than for<jats:italic>P. depressa<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>S. pectinata<\/jats:italic>(suggesting their emergence from rockpools to edges and surrounding open-rock). Abundance and size structure of both<jats:italic>P. depressa<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>S. pectinata<\/jats:italic>were similar on mid-shore open-rock surrounding rockpools and far from rockpools. Landscape variability explained distribution of<jats:italic>P. depressa<\/jats:italic>(shores with less open-rock had more and smaller limpets). Habitat-composition (assemblages and substrata) was more important than physical predictors in explaining among-rockpool variability of each limpet species. Densities of<jats:italic>P. ulyssiponensis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>P. depressa<\/jats:italic>inside rockpools were positively associated with cover of coralline algae and negatively associated with sand cover. Less explanatory power was found in predictive models of<jats:italic>S. pectinata<\/jats:italic>, suggesting a more opportunistic nature. There was limited evidence of inter- or intra-specific competition of the three species in rockpools and open-rock. Competition between<jats:italic>P. ulyssiponensis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>P. depressa<\/jats:italic>was most likely in rockpool edges. Rockpool-generated mosaic landscapes are linked by intra-specific connectivity of limpet populations and modulated by interactions among different limpet species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1206159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T06:20:56Z","timestamp":1701670856000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Variability and connectivity in populations of different limpet species across rockpool-generated mosaic landscapes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Maria In\u00eas","family":"Seabra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N\u00e9lia","family":"Penteado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3354\/meps09100","article-title":"Distribution and activity patterns in an intertidal grazer assemblage: influence of temporal and spatial organization on interspecific associations","volume":"431","author":"Aguilera","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046205","article-title":"Inter-specific competition for shelters in territorial and gregarious intertidal grazers: consequences for individual behaviour","volume":"7","author":"Aguilera","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3354\/meps10293","article-title":"Spatial niche differentiation and coexistence at the edge: co-occurrence distribution patterns in Scurria limpets","volume":"483","author":"Aguilera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-019-3485-5","article-title":"Similarity in predator-specific anti-predator behavior in ecologically distinct limpet species, Scurria viridula (Lottiidae) and Fissurella latimarginata (Fissurellidae)","volume":"166","author":"Aguilera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3354\/meps332235","article-title":"Negative effects of sediment deposition on grazing activity and survival of the limpet Patella vulgata","volume":"332","author":"Airoldi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1139\/f01-00","article-title":"Permutation tests for univariate or multivariate analysis of variance and regression","volume":"58","author":"Anderson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can. J. Fish. Aquat."},{"key":"B7","volume-title":"PERMANOVA+ for primer: Guide to software and statistical methods","author":"Anderson","year":"2008"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actao.2006.04.002","article-title":"Macroalgal communities of intertidal rock pools in the northwest coast of Portugal","volume":"30","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Oecol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.3354\/meps126203","article-title":"Habitat heterogeneity, sea urchin grazing and the distribution of algae in littoral rock pools on the west coast of Italy (western Mediterranean)","volume":"126","author":"Benedetti-Cecchi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3354\/meps135145","article-title":"Patterns of disturbance and recovery in littoral rock pools: nonhierarchical competition and spatial variability in secondary succession","volume":"135","author":"Benedetti-Cecchi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.3989\/scimar.03669.21A","article-title":"Benthic assemblages of rock pools in northern Portugal: seasonal and between-pool variability","volume":"76","author":"Bertocci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Mar."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0981(69)90018-5","article-title":"Studies of Patella vulgata L. Growth, reproduction and zonal distribution","volume":"3","author":"Blackmore","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0981(01)00372-0","article-title":"The effects of grazing on the distribution and composition of low-shore algal communities on the central coast of Portugal and on the southern coast of Britain","volume":"267","author":"Boaventura","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0981(02)00044-8","article-title":"Analysis of competitive interactions between the limpets Patella depressa Pennant and Patella vulgata L. on the northern coast of Portugal","volume":"271","author":"Boaventura","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2656.2003.00713.x","article-title":"Size matters: competition within populations of the limpet Patella depressa","volume":"72","author":"Boaventura","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0485.2002.02758.x","article-title":"Intertidal rocky shore communities of the continental Portuguese coast: Analysis of distribution patterns","volume":"23","author":"Boaventura","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315400048104","article-title":"The morphology of Patella spp. juveniles in Britain, and some phylogenetic inferences","volume":"61","author":"Bowman","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biolog. Assoc. U. K."},{"key":"B18","first-page":"178","article-title":"The biology of the limpet Patella vulgata L. in the British Isles: spawning time as a factor determining recruitment success","volume-title":"The Ecology of Rocky Coasts: essays presented to JR Lewis, D. Sc","author":"Bowman","year":"1985"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00445096.1971.11447402","article-title":"The ecology of Patella Linnaeus from the cape Peninsula, South Africa I. Zonation, movements and feeding","volume":"6","author":"Branch","year":"1971","journal-title":"Afr. Zool."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.2307\/3612","article-title":"Mechanisms reducing intra-specific competition in Patella spp.: migration, differentiation and territorial behaviour","volume":"44","author":"Branch","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.2307\/3888","article-title":"Inter-specific competition experienced by South African Patella species","volume":"45","author":"Branch","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"B22","first-page":"235","article-title":"The biology of limpets: physical factors, energy flow, and ecological interactions","volume":"19","author":"Branch","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0981(78)90035-7","article-title":"Tenacity and shell shape in six Patella species: adaptive features","volume":"34","author":"Branch","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol."},{"key":"B24","first-page":"187","article-title":"Limpets: evolution and adaptation","volume-title":"The Mollusca Vol. 10","author":"Branch","year":"1985"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1111\/jbi.13406","article-title":"Phenotypic plasticity at the edge: Contrasting population-level responses at the overlap of the leading and rear edges of the geographical distribution of two Scurria limpets","volume":"45","author":"Broitman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biogeogr."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3354\/meps167001","article-title":"Modelling patch dynamics on rocky shores using deterministic cellular automata","volume":"167","author":"Burrows","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.4532807","article-title":"The southern limit of distribution of Patella vulgata","volume":"25","author":"Cabral","year":"2007","journal-title":"Iberus"},{"key":"B28","volume-title":"Diversity and Distribuition of Patellid Limpets Along the Southwestern African Coast (Benguela Current)","author":"Carneiro","year":"2021"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seares.2021.102035","article-title":"Environmental factors impacting the abundance and distribution of amphipods in intertidal rock pools","volume":"172","author":"Carvalho","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. SeaRes."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2017.10.011","article-title":"Distribution and abundance patterns of three coexisting species of Patella (Mollusca Gastropoda) in the intertidal areas of the NW Iberian Peninsula: Implications for management","volume":"198","author":"Casal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fish. Res."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315421000916","article-title":"Limpet larvae (Patella aspera R\u00f6ding 1798), obtained by gonad dissection and fecundation in vitro, settled and metamorphosed on crustose coralline algae","volume":"101","author":"Castej\u00f3n","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biolog. Assoc. U. K."},{"key":"B32","volume-title":"Relat\u00f3rio final de execu\u00e7\u00e3o, modelo de monitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o e medidas de gest\u00e3o. Relat\u00f3rio, projeto MARSW Sistemas de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o e Monitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o da Biodiversidade Marinha das \u00c1reas Classificadas do Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina","author":"Castro","year":"2021"},{"key":"B33","volume-title":"Caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o da pesca na \u00e1rea marinha do Parque Natural do Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina. Relat\u00f3rio, projeto MARSW \u2013 Sistemas de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o e Monitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o da Biodiversidade Marinha das \u00c1reas Classificadas do Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina","author":"Castro","year":"2020"},{"key":"B34","volume-title":"Substrato duro intertidal. Monitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o de Ambientes Marinhos do Porto de Sines - MAPSi 2015\/2017. Relat\u00f3rio final","year":"2018"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9993.1993.tb00438.x","article-title":"Non\u2010parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure","volume":"18","author":"Clarke","year":"1993","journal-title":"Austral Ecol."},{"key":"B36","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Getting started with PRIMER v7","author":"Clarke","year":"2015"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-005-0296-9","article-title":"A continental scale evaluation of the role of limpet grazing on rocky shores","volume":"147","author":"Coleman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00346466","article-title":"An analysis of distribution and abundance of populations of the high-shore limpet, Notoacmea petterdi (Tenison-Woods)","volume":"45","author":"Creese","year":"1980","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00389010","article-title":"Analysis of inter-and intra-specific competition amongst intertidal limpets with different methods of feeding","volume":"53","author":"Creese","year":"1982","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315400005956","article-title":"Physiological ecology of Patella IV. Environmental and limpet body temperatures","volume":"50","author":"Davies","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biolog. Assoc. U. K."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.2307\/1942457","article-title":"Recruitment, immigration and population structure of two coexisting limpet species in mid-shore tidepools, on the west coast of Ireland","volume":"221","author":"Delany","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol."},{"key":"B42","first-page":"79","article-title":"A comparison of the interactions of the limpets Patella vulgata and Patella ulyssiponensis with crustose coralline algae","volume-title":"New survey of Clare Island: v. 3: marine intertidal ecology","author":"Delany","year":"2002"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2307\/1942457","article-title":"Disturbance and recovery in intertidal pools: maintenance of mosaic patterns","volume":"54","author":"Dethier","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ecol. Monogr."},{"key":"B44","first-page":"411","article-title":"Studies on the Biology of British Limpets","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London","author":"Evans","year":"1947"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.2307\/2257088","article-title":"The intertidal ecology of some localities on the Atlantic coast of France","volume":"45","author":"Evans","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1515\/bot-1980-230509","article-title":"Investigations of New England marine algae IV: The ecology and seasonal succession of tide pool algae at Bald Head Cliff, York, Maine, USA","volume":"23","author":"Femino","year":"1980","journal-title":"Bot. Mar."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-008-9509-7","article-title":"Large-scale coexistence and small-scale segregation of key species on rocky shores","volume":"614","author":"Firth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-009-1441-7","article-title":"Competition and habitat suitability: small-scale segregation underpins large-scale coexistence of key species on temperate rocky shores","volume":"162","author":"Firth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2009.01863.x","article-title":"Predicting impacts of climate-induced range expansion: an experimental framework and a test involving key grazers on temperate rocky shores","volume":"15","author":"Firth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2014.03.016","article-title":"Biodiversity in intertidal rock pools: Informing engineering criteria for artificial habitat enhancement in the built environment","volume":"102","author":"Firth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Res."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315422001096","article-title":"Warning of warming limpets: sea temperature effects upon intertidal rocky assemblages","volume":"103","author":"Freitas","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biolog. Assoc. U. K."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2023.105945","article-title":"Forecasting distributional shifts of Patella spp. in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, under climate change","volume":"186","author":"Freitas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Res."},{"key":"B53","volume-title":"British prosobranch molluscs, their functional anatomy and ecology","author":"Fretter","year":"1994"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.2307\/1941418","article-title":"Some adaptations of gastropods to physical stress on a tropical rocky shore","volume":"65","author":"Garrity","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.2307\/2406717","article-title":"On the maintenance of a shell pattern and behavior polymorphism in Acmaea digitalis, a limpet","volume":"24","author":"Giesel","year":"1970","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3390\/hydrobiology1010003","article-title":"Insights into the Migration Routes and Historical Dispersion of Species Surviving the Messinian Crisis: The Case of Patella ulyssiponensis and Epizoic Rhodolith Lithophyllum hibernicum","volume":"1","author":"Gomes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hydrobiology"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-023-04223-2","article-title":"Patterns of rockpool molluscs in differing shore exposures","volume":"170","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"B58","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tide pools of Carrigathorna and Barloge Creek","volume-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","author":"Goss-Custard","year":"1979"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s002270050394","article-title":"Foraging and homing behaviour in the high-shore, crevice-dwelling limpet Helcion pectunculus (Prosobranchia: Patellidae)","volume":"132","author":"Gray","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1139\/z71-172","article-title":"Local distribution of Oligocottus maculosus Girard and other tidepool cottids of the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia","volume":"49","author":"Green","year":"1971","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3354\/meps08844","article-title":"Consumer effects on ecosystem functioning in rock pools: roles of species richness and composition","volume":"420","author":"Griffin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00026747","article-title":"Aspects of the ecology of Patella spp. on the Portuguese coast","volume":"142","author":"Guerra","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/00785236.1985.10426619","article-title":"Patchiness and fluctuations on moderately exposed rocky shores","volume":"24","author":"Hartnoll","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ophelia"},{"key":"B64","first-page":"195","article-title":"Grazing of intertidal algae by marine invertebrates","volume":"21","author":"Hawkins","year":"1983","journal-title":"Oceanogr. Mar. Biol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198577546.003.0001","article-title":"Plant-animal interactions on hard substrata in the northeast Atlantic","volume-title":"Plant-animal interactions in the marine benthos","author":"Hawkins","year":"1992"},{"key":"B66","volume-title":"Marine Conservation Society Marine Field Course Guide 1","author":"Hawkins","year":"1992"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108235792.003","article-title":"The intertidal zone of the North-East Atlantic region: pattern and process","volume-title":"Interactions in the marine benthos: global patterns and processes","author":"Hawkins","year":"2019"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.5772\/67862","article-title":"Patellid limpets: an overview of the biology and conservation of keystone species of the rocky shores","volume-title":"Organismal and molecular malacology","author":"Henriques","year":"2017"},{"key":"B69","first-page":"245","article-title":"The biology of siphonariid limpets (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)","volume":"37","author":"Hodgson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oceanogr. Mar. Biol."},{"key":"B70","volume-title":"Relat\u00f3rio de S\u00edntese da Biodiversidade Marinha da \u00e1rea marinha do Parque Natural do Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina","author":"Horta e Costa","year":"2018"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3354\/MEPS029189","article-title":"Some relationships between elevation, physico-chemical variables and biota of intertidal rock pools","volume":"29","author":"Huggett","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198540274.003.0002","article-title":"\u201cIndividual variation, social structure, community organization and hierarchical views in the marine context\u201d","volume-title":"Mutualism and community organization: behavioural, theoretical and food-web approaches","author":"Iwasaki","year":"1993"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3354\/meps287077","article-title":"Regional scale differences in the determinism of grazing effects in the rocky intertidal","volume":"287","author":"Jenkins","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3354\/meps08729","article-title":"Interactions between canopy forming algae in the eulittoral zone of sheltered rocky shores on the Isle of Man","volume":"79","author":"Jenkins","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biolog. Assoc. U. K."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3354\/meps211215","article-title":"Metapopulation dynamics of Tigriopus brevicornis (Harpacticoida) in intertidal rock pools","volume":"211","author":"Johnson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3354\/meps160209","article-title":"Spatial structure on moderately exposed rocky shores: patch scales and the interactions between limpets and algae","volume":"160","author":"Johnson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1515\/botm.1989.32.1.9","article-title":"Zonation patterns in intertidal pools and their possible causes: A multivariate approach","volume":"32","author":"Kooistra","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bot. Mar."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rsma.2017.11.003","article-title":"Ecological characterization of intertidal rockpools: Seasonal and diurnal monitoring of physico-chemical parameters","volume":"17","author":"Legrand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2307\/1661","article-title":"Observations on a high-level population of limpets","volume":"23","author":"Lewis","year":"1954","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00026742","article-title":"Latitudinal trends in reproduction, recruitment and population characteristics of some rocky littoral molluscs and cirripedes","volume":"142","author":"Lewis","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0981(75)90029-5","article-title":"Local habitat-induced variations in the population dynamics of Patella vulgata L","volume":"17","author":"Lewis","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13115","article-title":"Loss of thermal refugia near equatorial range limits","volume":"22","author":"Lima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2006.01457.x","article-title":"Recent changes in the distribution of a marine gastropod, Patella rustica Linnaeus 1758 and their relationship to unusual climatic events","volume":"33","author":"Lima","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biogeogr."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3354\/meps329043","article-title":"Community structure and functioning in intertidal rock pools: effects of pool size and shore-height at different successional stages","volume":"329","author":"Martins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3354\/meps09472","article-title":"Modified habitats change ecological processes affecting a non-indigenous epibiont","volume":"446","author":"Marzinelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2008.06.001c","article-title":"Interaction of top down and bottom up factors in intertidal rockpools: effects on early successional macroalgal community composition, abundance and productivity","volume":"363","author":"Masterson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00318040","article-title":"Mutualism between the territorial intertidal limpet Patella longicosta and the crustose alga Ralfsia verrucosa","volume":"96","author":"McQuaid","year":"1993","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3354\/meps215079","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variability in the distribution of algae and invertebrates on rocky shores in the northwest Mediterranean","volume":"233","author":"Menconi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3354\/meps105089","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variability of macrobenthic communities in tidepools on a rocky shore in Nova-Scotia, Canada","volume":"105","author":"Metaxas","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3354\/meps098187","article-title":"Community structure and organization of tidepools","volume":"98","author":"Metaxas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3354\/meps334011","article-title":"Role of biological habitat amelioration in altering the relative responses of congeneric species to climate change","volume":"334","author":"Moore","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/conf.FMARS.2018.06.00051","article-title":"Patterns of the vertical distribution limits of the limpet Patella depressa on the Portuguese coast","author":"Nobre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci. Conf. Abstract.: IMMR\u201918. | Int. Meeting. Mar. Res. 2018"},{"key":"B93","first-page":"9","article-title":"Grazing dynamics in intertidal rockpool: connectivity in microhabitats","volume-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.","author":"No\u00ebl","year":"2009"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1093\/mollus\/69.2.162","article-title":"Growth, mortality and longevity in two populations of Siphonaria pectinata (Pulmonata) at Gibraltar","volume":"69","author":"Oca\u00f1a","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Molluscan. Stud."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3354\/meps13461","article-title":"Performance of a warm-water limpet species towards its poleward range edge compared to a colder-water congener","volume":"656","author":"Or\u00f3stica","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2017.06.016","article-title":"Quantifying keystone species complexes: Ecosystem-based conservation management in the King George Island (Antarctic Peninsula)","volume":"81","author":"Ortiz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315400029805","article-title":"Observations on Patella vulgata. Part III. Habitat and habits","volume":"16","author":"Orton","year":"1929","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biolog. Assoc. U. K."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2018.06.023","article-title":"Creation of micro-habitats (tidepools) in ripraps with climax communities as a way to mitigate negative effects of artificial substrate on marine biodiversity","volume":"120","author":"Ostal\u00e9-Valriberas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-010-9884-1","article-title":"Effect of \u03b3-amino butyric acid on limpet populations: towards the future management and conservation of endangered patellid species","volume":"37","author":"Rivera-Ingraham","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seares.2012.12.003","article-title":"Increasing sea surface temperature and range shifts of intertidal gastropods along the Iberian Peninsula","volume":"77","author":"Rubal","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Sea. Res."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2015.05.015","article-title":"Population attributes and traits of Siphonaria pectinata (Mollusca: Siphonariidae) in range-edge and non range-edge populations at its Eastern Atlantic northern distribution boundary","volume":"471","author":"Rubal","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seares.2011.07.003","article-title":"Seasonal patterns of tidepool macroalgal assemblages in the North of Portugal. Consistence between species and functional group approaches","volume":"66","author":"Rubal","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Sea. Res."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-023-04196-2","article-title":"Understanding the role of microhabitats in intertidal rock pools to guide future eco-engineering designs","volume":"170","author":"Schaefer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315419000869","article-title":"Recruitment of the limpet Patella ulyssiponensis and its relationship with crustose coralline algae: patterns of juvenile distribution and larval settlement","volume":"99","author":"Seabra","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biolog. Assoc. U. K."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rsma.2020.101339","article-title":"Rockpools as nurseries for co-existing limpets: Spatial and temporal patterns of limpet recruitment","volume":"37","author":"Seabra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3320","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13321","article-title":"Equatorial range limits of an intertidal ectotherm are more linked to water than air temperature","volume":"22","author":"Seabra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2011.02.010","article-title":"Side matters: micro-habitat influence on intertidal heat stress over a large geographical scale","volume":"400","author":"Seabra","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol."},{"key":"B108","first-page":"461","article-title":"Population structure, recruitment and distribution patterns of Patella depressa Pennant 1777 on the central Portuguese coast","volume":"19","author":"Silva","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bol. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seares.2022.102287","article-title":"Grazer gastropods as alternative species for monitoring butyltins contamination in harbors","volume":"190","author":"Slama","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sea. Res."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2021.113063","article-title":"Monitoring of coastal pollution using shell alterations in the false limpet Siphonaria pectinata","volume":"173","author":"Slama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mar. pollut. Bull."},{"key":"B111","volume-title":"Biometry: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research","author":"Sokal","year":"1995"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0981(91)90078-B","article-title":"Preferential predation by American black oystercatchers on transitional ecophenotypes of the limpet Lottia pelta (Rathke)","volume":"154","author":"Sorensen","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2983\/035.038.0119","article-title":"Molluscan assemblages in rock pools on sandstone reefs: local and between pools variability","volume":"38","author":"Souza","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Shellfish. Res."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.106128","article-title":"Micro-habitat-specific diurnal metabolomic responses of the intertidal limpet Cellana toreuma to winter low temperature","volume":"26","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.2307\/1940877","article-title":"Species coexistence, keystone species, and succession: a sensitivity analysis","volume":"75","author":"Tanner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0981(79)90039-X","article-title":"Distribution and population dynamics of the limpet Patella aspera (Lamarck) in Bantry Bay","volume":"40","author":"Thompson","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0981(80)90058-1","article-title":"Distribution and population dynamics of the limpet Patella vulgata L. @ in Bantry Bay","volume":"45","author":"Thompson","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0981(95)00145-X","article-title":"Effects of patch-size on the structure of assemblages in rock pools","volume":"197","author":"Underwood","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315421000734","article-title":"Shell shape, morphometrics and relative growth of four sympatric limpet species from the Algarve coast (southern Portugal)","volume":"101","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biolog. Assoc. U. K."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/bij.12883","article-title":"The limpet form in gastropods: evolution, distribution, and implications for the comparative study of history","volume":"120","author":"Vermeij","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc Lond."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3354\/meps124089","article-title":"Habitat partitioning and thermal tolerance in a tropical limpet, Cellana grata","volume":"124","author":"Williams","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.2307\/1540048","article-title":"Physiological ecology and intertidal zonation in limpets (Acmaea): a critical look at\u201d limiting factors\u201d","volume":"145","author":"Wolcott","year":"1973","journal-title":"Biol. Bull."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1515\/botm.1988.31.6.537","article-title":"Tidepools in Southern Rhode Island, U.S.A. II. Species diversity and similarity analysis of macroalgal communities","volume":"31","author":"Wolfe","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bot. Mar."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Marine Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmars.2023.1206159\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T21:09:50Z","timestamp":1730754590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmars.2023.1206159\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"references-count":123,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmars.2023.1206159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmars.2023.1206159","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-7745"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-7745","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"article-number":"1206159"}}