{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T06:29:59Z","timestamp":1769927399293,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Mar. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The oceanic waters around the Azores host a high diversity of cetaceans, with 28 species of toothed and baleen whales present year-round or seasonally. This high cetacean biodiversity likely plays an important role in the structure, functioning and productivity of the ecosystem, and may increase trophic redundancy, thus contributing to food web resilience to disturbances.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here we used stable isotope (<jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C and <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>N) analysis to characterize trophic niches, assess niche overlap, describe the trophic structure and discuss potential redundancy in the cetacean community. Using 407 samples from 12 species, we estimated Standard Ellipse Areas and overlaps between species and used a hierarchical clustering analysis to identify trophic guilds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C and <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>N values ranged from -20.53 to -15.46\u2030 and from 7.78 to 14.41\u2030 respectively, suggesting the use of diverse habitats and resources among cetacean species. Clustering analysis revealed that species were grouped into four trophic guilds, segregated mainly by trophic position (TP): a low-TP guild with three zooplanktivore baleen whales, a mid-TP guild with micronektivores, a high-TP guild with micronekton and nekton consumers, and a cluster with only <jats:italic>Pseudorca crassidens<\/jats:italic>. There was significant isotopic niche overlap between one pair of species within each guild, indicating some potential for trophic redundancy in the community. Yet, these pairs also showed some form of spatial or temporal partitioning, suggesting that mechanisms promoting species coexistence could play a key role in structuring the cetacean community in the region and in its ecological role.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2024.1283357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T04:42:58Z","timestamp":1714711378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Isotopic niches reveal the trophic structure of the cetacean community in the oceanic waters around the Azores"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Myriam","family":"Lebon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Cola\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Irma","family":"Casc\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Tobe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yann","family":"Planque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Spitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica A.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00826","article-title":"The azores: A mid-Atlantic hotspot for marine megafauna research and conservation","volume":"6","author":"Afonso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Movements of short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) in the Macaronesian biogeographical region: a photo-identification analysis","author":"Alessandrini","year":"2016"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.25145\/j.SI.2018.01.004","article-title":"Home sweet home? Wide-ranging movements of socially stable resident Delphinids (Globicephala macrorhynchus)","volume":"1","author":"Alves","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Scientia Insularum"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804327-1.00251-X","article-title":"Striped Dolphin","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of marine mammals","author":"Archer","year":"2018"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-373553-9.00097-3","article-title":"False Killer Whale","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of marine mammals","author":"Baird","year":"2009"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2009.01531.x","article-title":"Cascading top-down effects of changing oceanic?predator abundances","volume":"78","author":"Baum","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117066","article-title":"Foraging depth depicts resource partitioning and contamination level in a pelagic shark assemblage: Insights from mercury stable isotopes","volume":"283","author":"Besnard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082205","article-title":"Trophic relationships and habitat preferences of delphinids from the southeastern Brazilian coast determined by carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition","volume":"8","author":"Bisi","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3354\/meps14176","article-title":"Trophic position of dolphins tracks recent changes in the pelagic ecosystem of the Macaronesian region (NE Atlantic)","volume":"699","author":"Bode","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-102209-144726","article-title":"On the use of stable isotopes in trophic ecology","volume":"42","author":"Boecklen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1086\/684632","article-title":"Influence of reproduction on stable-isotope ratios: nitrogen and carbon isotope discrimination between mothers, fetuses, and milk in the fin whale, a capital breeder","volume":"89","author":"Borrell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Biochem. Zool."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461-0248.2000.00130.x","article-title":"Biodiversity lessens the risk of cascading extinction in model food webs","volume":"3","author":"Borrvall","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1111\/mms.12076","article-title":"Effects of decomposition and storage conditions on the \u03b413C and \u03b415N isotope values of killer whale (Orcinus orca) skin and blubber tissues","volume":"30","author":"Burrows","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Mamm Sci."},{"key":"B15","article-title":"boot: Bootstrap R (S-Plus) Functions","volume-title":"R package version 1.3-28.1","author":"Canty","year":"2022"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2015.05.001","article-title":"Trophic connectivity between offshore upwelling and the inshore food web of Banc d\u2019Arguin (Mauritania): New insights from isotopic analysis","volume":"165","author":"Carlier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1996.0093","article-title":"Cephalopods as prey. III. Cetaceans","volume":"351","author":"Clarke","year":"1996","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1993.0005","article-title":"The diet of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus 1758) off the Azores","volume":"339","author":"Clarke","year":"1993","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. - R. Soc. London B"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s004420100745","article-title":"Differentiating aquatic mammal habitat and foraging ecology with stable isotopes in tooth enamel","volume":"129","author":"Clementz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2907.2008.00120.x","article-title":"Applications of stable isotope techniques to the ecology of mammals","volume":"38","author":"Crawford","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mamm Rev."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(78)90199-0","article-title":"Influence of diet on the distribution of carbon isotopes in animals","volume":"42","author":"DeNiro","year":"1978","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.11069","article-title":"Large-scale movements of common bottlenose dolphins in the Atlantic: Dolphins with an international courtyard","volume":"9","author":"Dinis","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1502549112","article-title":"Global nutrient transport in a world of giants","volume":"113","author":"Doughty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-environ-110615-085622","article-title":"Megafaunal impacts on structure and function of ocean ecosystems","volume":"41","author":"Estes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315409000290","article-title":"Stomach contents of cetaceans stranded in the Canary Islands 19962006","volume":"89","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. United Kingdom"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.1021635","article-title":"Unraveling site fidelity and residency patterns of sperm whales in the insular oceanic waters of Macaronesia","volume":"9","author":"Ferreira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2021.102690","article-title":"Ecological niche partitioning between baleen whales inhabiting Icelandic waters","volume":"199","author":"Garc\u00eda-Vernet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-022-04079-y","article-title":"Trophic ecology of northern gannets Morus bassanus highlights the extent of isotopic niche overlap with other apex predators within the Bay of Biscay","volume":"169","author":"Gaspar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3354\/meps10578","article-title":"Trophic niche partitioning among sympatric baleen whale species following the collapse of groundfish stocks in the Northwest Atlantic","volume":"497","author":"Gavrilchuk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.22190\/FUMI1903583G","article-title":"Mahalanobis distance and its application for detecting multivariate outliers","volume":"583","author":"Ghorbani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Facta Universitatis Series: Mathematics Inf."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5823","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41532-y","article-title":"Composition of cetacean communities worldwide shapes their contribution to ocean nutrient cycling","volume":"14","author":"Gilbert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2015.11.001","article-title":"From the pool to the sea: Applicable isotope turnover rates and diet to skin discrimination factors for bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)","volume":"475","author":"Gim\u00e9nez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-017-3154-5","article-title":"Lipid effects on isotopic values in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and their prey with implications for diet assessment","volume":"164","author":"Gim\u00e9nez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"B34","article-title":"fpc: Flexible Procedures for Clustering. R package version 2.2-10","author":"Hennig","year":"2023","journal-title":"R Package version"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804327-1.00050-9","article-title":"Atlantic Spotted Dolphin","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of marine mammals","author":"Herzing","year":"2018"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-110411-160411","article-title":"Rethinking community assembly through the lens of coexistence theory","volume":"43","author":"HilleRisLambers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1957.022.01.039","article-title":"Concluding remarks","volume":"22","author":"Hutchinson","year":"1957","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Symp Quant Biol."},{"key":"B38","volume-title":"An introduction to population ecology","author":"Hutchinson","year":"1978"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/jane.2011.80.issue-3","article-title":"Comparing isotopic niche widths among and within communities: SIBER - Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses in R","volume":"80","author":"Jackson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1139\/cjz-2020-0257","article-title":"Stable isotope analysis reveals that humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) primarily consume capelin (Mallotus villosus) in coastal Newfoundland, Canada","volume":"99","author":"Johnson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"B41","volume-title":"rstatix:Pipe-Friendly Framework for Basic Statistical Tests","author":"Kassambara","year":"2023"},{"key":"B42","article-title":"Distributional biology of the cetacean fauna of the northeast United States continental shelf","volume-title":"DISS. ABST. INT. PT. B - SCI. & ENG","author":"Kenney","year":"1985"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2007.00174.x","article-title":"Ontogenetic diet changes in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) reflected through stable isotopes","volume":"24","author":"Knoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mar. Mamm Sci."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5-1","DOI":"10.1029\/2001gb001427","article-title":"Relationship between anthropogenic CO2 and the 13C Suess effect in the North Atlantic Ocean","volume":"17","author":"K\u00f6rtzinger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1111\/oik.04712","article-title":"Species traits as drivers of food web structure","volume":"127","author":"Laigle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2007)88[42:CSIRPF]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Can stable isotope ratios provide for community-wide measures of trophic structure","volume":"88","author":"Layman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"B47","volume-title":"emmeans: Estimated marginal means, aka least-squares means (Version 1.8.1-1) [Software]","author":"Lenth","year":"2022"},{"key":"B48","volume-title":"Estatus dos pequenos cet\u00e1ceos da plataforma de Galicia","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2003"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2022.108661","article-title":"Niches of marine mammals in the European Arctic","volume":"136","author":"MacKenzie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01763","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.1763","article-title":"Using ocean models to predict spatial and temporal variation in marine carbon isotopes","volume":"8","author":"Magozzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecosphere"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2016.00245","article-title":"Food-web and ecosystem structure of the open-ocean and deep-sea environments of the Azores, NE Atlantic","volume":"3","author":"Morato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2017.08.012","article-title":"Population structure of the blue jack mackerel (Trachurus picturatus) in the NE Atlantic inferred from otolith microchemistry","volume":"197","author":"Moreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fish Res."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3390\/d15010021","article-title":"Diet of bottlenose dolphin, tursiops truncatus (Montagu 1821), in the northwestern Mediterranean sea","volume":"15","author":"Neri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diversity (Basel)"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15469","article-title":"Top predators constrain mesopredator distributions","volume":"8","author":"Newsome","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.914397","article-title":"Exposure to whale watching vessels affects dive ascents and resting behavior in sperm whales","volume":"9","author":"Oliveira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.2307\/4220","article-title":"Food webs: linkage, interaction strength and community infrastructure","volume":"49","author":"Paine","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3354\/ab00497","article-title":"Effect of tissue decomposition on stable isotope signatures of striped dolphins Stenella coeruleoalba and loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta","volume":"18","author":"Payo-Payo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aquat Biol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/J.DSR.2011.08.004","article-title":"Diet of mid-Atlantic Sowerby\u2019s beaked whales Mesoplodon bidens","volume":"58","author":"Pereira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Deep Sea Res. Part I: Oceanographic Res. Papers"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-373553-9.00063-8","article-title":"Common dolphins: Delphinus delphis and D. capensis","volume-title":"Second Edition of Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals","author":"Perrin","year":"2009"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3354\/meps13482","article-title":"Foraging ecology of the common dolphin Delphinus delphis revealed by stable isotope analysis","volume":"652","author":"Peters","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.18.110187.001453","article-title":"Stable isotopes in ecosystem studies","volume":"18","author":"Peterson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. systematics"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-006-0630-x","article-title":"Getting to the fat of the matter: Models, methods and assumptions for dealing with lipids in stable isotope analyses","volume":"152","author":"Post","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-010-1519-0","article-title":"Molecular insight into the population structure of common and spotted dolphins inhabiting the pelagic waters of the Northeast Atlantic","volume":"157","author":"Qu\u00e9rouil","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"B64","volume-title":"R Foundation for statistical computing","year":"2022"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2018.00109","article-title":"Pelagic iron recycling in the Southern Ocean: Exploring the contribution of marine animals","volume":"5","author":"Ratnarajah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315406013865","article-title":"Food and feeding ecology of the striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba, in the oceanic waters of the north-east Atlantic","volume":"86","author":"Ringelstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. United Kingdom"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1890\/130220","article-title":"Whales as marine ecosystem engineers","volume":"12","author":"Roman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Environ."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013255","article-title":"The whale pump: Marine mammals enhance primary productivity in a coastal basin","volume":"5","author":"Roman","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/mms.12143","article-title":"Foraging habits in a generalist predator: Sex and age influence habitat selection and resource use among bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)","volume":"31","author":"Rossman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Mamm Sci."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3354\/meps277275","article-title":"Trophic relationships between sperm whales and jumbo squid using stable isotopes of C and N","volume":"277","author":"Ruiz-Cooley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.6394","article-title":"Accounting for the effects of lipids in stable isotope (\u03b413 C and \u03b415 N values) analysis of skin and blubber of balaenopterid whales","volume":"26","author":"Ryan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrometry"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1716825115","article-title":"Trophic redundancy reduces vulnerability to extinction cascades","volume":"115","author":"Sanders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1126\/science.185.4145.27","article-title":"Resource partitioning in ecological communities","volume":"185","author":"Schoener","year":"1974","journal-title":"Sci. (1979)"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.2960\/J.v22.a20","article-title":"Seasonal abundance of and estimated food consumption by cetaceans in Icelandic and adjacent waters","volume":"22","author":"Sigurj\u00f3nsson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Northwest Atlantic Fishery Sci."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.181800","article-title":"Stable isotopes reveal winter feeding in different habitats in blue, fin and sei whales migrating through the Azores","volume":"6","author":"Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"R Soc. Open Sci."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-65038-8_106-1","article-title":"Atlantic Spotted Dolphin Stenella frontalis (G. Cuvier 1829)","volume-title":"Handbook of the Mammals of Europe","author":"Silva","year":"2021"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/17451000.2013.793814","article-title":"Spatial and temporal distribution of cetaceans in the mid-Atlantic waters around the Azores","volume":"10","author":"Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Biol. Res."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-008-1075-z","article-title":"Ranging patterns of bottlenose dolphins living in oceanic waters: implications for population structure","volume":"156","author":"Silva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsac096","article-title":"Marine mammal consumption and fisheries removals in the Nordic and Barents Seas","volume":"79","author":"Skern-Mauritzen","year":"2022","journal-title":"ICES J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1890\/13-1656.1","article-title":"Consumption by marine mammals on the Northeast U.S. continental shelf","volume":"25","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seares.2006.02.001","article-title":"Dietary plasticity of the oceanic striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba, in the neritic waters of the Bay of Biscay","volume":"55","author":"Spitz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Sea Res."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2016.00202","article-title":"Modeling the potential distribution and richness of cetaceans in the Azores from fisheries observer program data","volume":"3","author":"Tobe\u00f1a","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"B83","first-page":"64","volume-title":"Guide des \u00e9chouages de mammif\u00e8res marins","author":"Van Canneyt","year":"2015"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3354\/meps09349","article-title":"Timing of migratory baleen whales at the Azores in relation to the North Atlantic spring bloom","volume":"440","author":"Visser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-373553-9.00062-6","article-title":"Common Bottlenose Dolphin","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of marine mammals","author":"Wells","year":"2009"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.8168","article-title":"Evidence for dietary time series in layers of cetacean skin using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios","volume":"32","author":"Wild","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrometry"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/mms.12018","article-title":"An evaluation of lipid extraction techniques for interpretation of carbon and nitrogen isotope values in bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) skin tissue","volume":"30","author":"Wilson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Mamm Sci."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.4.1463","article-title":"Biodiversity and ecosystem productivity in a fluctuating environment: The insurance hypothesis","volume":"96","author":"Yachi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Marine Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmars.2024.1283357\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T04:43:10Z","timestamp":1714711390000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmars.2024.1283357\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"references-count":88,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmars.2024.1283357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmars.2024.1283357","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-7745"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-7745","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"article-number":"1283357"}}