{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T11:17:20Z","timestamp":1762255040605,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Mar. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lofoten and Vester\u00e5len region in Northern Norway contains the main spawning areas for the Northeast Arctic (NEA) cod. A large embayment, partially sheltered from the continental slope and open ocean by the Lofoten-Vester\u00e5len archipelago, called Vestfjorden contains approximately 60 % of the NEA cod spawning in this region. The dynamical ocean processes that control transport paths and transport times of cod eggs and larvae out of this embayment are of major importance, not only for the fish stock, but in general for the marine ecosystem in the region. This study investigates the net impact of nonlinear tidal dynamics on transport and dispersion of particles, resembling cod eggs and larvae, out of Vestfjorden. The coastal ocean circulation in and around Vestfjorden is simulated with a variable mesh model, both with and without tides. The two different flow fields are used to advect passive particles seeded near Henningsv\u00e6rstraumen, a key spawning location within the embayment. A comparison of the two transport calculations reveals that nonlinear tidal dynamics clearly impact the particle drift in the region. When including tides in the model simulation, transport through the various straits that cut through the Lofoten-Vester\u00e5len archipelago becomes more important, causing the total particle drift out of Vestfjorden to increase by about 10%. One strait in particular, Moskstraumen, contributes with a significant transport (\u223c 30%) in the model simulation with tides included, but other straits contribute as well. For comparison, in the simulation where tides are excluded, almost 90% of the particles are transported out of the embayment around the southern tip of the archipelago and only 6% through Moskstraumen. A key implication of the tidal transport through the straits is that the journey for a large fraction of the cod eggs\/larvae from Vestfjorden to the shelf is considerably shortened.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2025.1541652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T13:58:13Z","timestamp":1741010293000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Tidal effects on transport and dispersion of particles, cod eggs and larvae in the Lofoten and Vester\u00e5len region, Norway"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Eli","family":"B\u00f8rve","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P\u00e5l Erik","family":"Isachsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ole Anders","family":"N\u00f8st","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peygham","family":"Ghaffari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stig","family":"Falk-Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"379","article-title":"Modelling the transport of cod larvae from the lofoten area","volume-title":"ICES marine science symposia","author":"\u00c5ndalsvik","year":"1994"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37129-x","article-title":"Remote sensing of zooplankton swarms","volume":"9","author":"Basedow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. 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