{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T20:20:43Z","timestamp":1770495643329,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study is to identify predictive activation biomarkers in retinal microvascular characteristics of non-exudative macular neovascularization (MNV) and avoid delayed treatment or overtreatment of subclinical MNV. The main objective is to contribute to the international debate on a new understanding of the role of retinal vessel features in the pathogenesis and progression of non-exudative MNV and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). A discussion on revising-related clinical protocols is presented.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective study, the authors included eyes with non-exudative MNV, eyes with exudative AMD, and normal eyes of age-matched healthy subjects. The parameters were obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 21 eyes with exudative AMD, 21 eyes with non-exudative MNV, and 20 eyes of 20 age-matched healthy subjects without retinal pathology were included. Vessel density (VD) of the deep vascular complex (DVC) in eyes with non-exudative MNV was significantly greater than that in eyes with exudative AMD (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002), while for superficial vascular plexus (SVP) metrics, no VD differences among sectors were observed between eyes with non-exudative MNV and eyes with exudative AMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The reduction in retinal vessel density, especially in the DVC, seems to be involved in or be accompanied by non-exudative MNV activation and should be closely monitored during follow-up visits in order to ensure prompt anti-angiogenic therapy. A discussion on applicable clinical protocols is presented aiming to contribute to new insights into ophthalmology service development which is directed to this specific type of patient and diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1219423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T05:12:16Z","timestamp":1704345136000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Reduction of retinal vessel density in non-exudative macular neovascularization: a retrospective 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