{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T01:34:40Z","timestamp":1773279280543,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>One of the biggest obstacles in diagnosing Implant-Associated Infections is the lack of infection criteria and standardized diagnostic methods. These infections present a wide range of symptoms, and their diagnosis can be hampered by the formation of microbial biofilms on the surface of implants. This study aimed to provide insight into the performance of sonication in the diagnosis of infections associated with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices, to help define a consensus on the algorithm for the microbial diagnosis of these infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We carried out a systematic review with meta-analysis. The PRISMA methodology guidelines were followed, and an advanced search was carried out in PubMed and Web of Science, which enabled 8 articles to be included in the review, in which a meta-analysis was also carried out. QUADAS-2 was used to assess the risk of bias and effect measures were calculated to assess publication bias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall sensitivity of the method was 0.823 (95% CI: 0.682\u20130.910) and the specificity was 0.632 (95% CI: 0.506\u20130.743).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that sonication may offer advantages in diagnosing these infections. However, it is essential to approach these findings carefully and take into account the recommendations provided in the EHRA 2019 guidelines. This study highlights the importance of more effective diagnostic approaches for implantable medical device-associated infections to improve the quality of treatment and minimize the risks associated with these challenging medical conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1361626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T04:53:09Z","timestamp":1710478389000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A meta-analysis on the role of sonication in the diagnosis of cardiac implantable electronic device-related infections"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o P.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stephanie Lopes","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro L.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.12.143","article-title":"Use of focused ultrasound (sonication) for the diagnosis of infections in neurosurgical operations: A systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"136","author":"Apostolakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euz246","article-title":"European heart rhythm association (EHRA) international consensus document on how to prevent, diagnose, and treat cardiac implantable electronic device infections-endorsed of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases (ESCMID) in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)","volume":"22","author":"Blomstr\u00f6m-Lundqvist","year":"2020","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euy050","article-title":"2018 EHRA expert consensus statement on Lead extraction: Recommendations on definitions, endpoints, research trial design, and data collection requirements for clinical scientific studies and registries: Endorsed by APHRS\/HRS\/LAHRS","volume":"20","author":"Bongiorni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.5301\/ijao.5000168","article-title":"Epidemiology and new developments in the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection","volume":"35","author":"Corvec","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. 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