{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T22:40:13Z","timestamp":1770331213859,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Given the increasing pressure on water bodies, it is imperative to explore sustainable methodologies for wastewater treatment and reuse. The simultaneous presence of multiples contaminants in complex wastewater, such as the liquid effluents from biogas plants, can compromise biological treatment effectiveness for reclaiming water. Vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands were established as low-cost decentralized wastewater treatment technologies to treat the liquid fraction of digestate from municipal organic waste with metals, antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance genes, to allow its reuse in irrigation. Twelve lab-scale planted constructed wetlands were assembled with gravel, light expanded clay aggregate and sand, testing four different treating conditions (liquid digestate spiked with oxytetracycline, sulfadiazine, or ofloxacin, at 100\u2009\u03bcg\/ L, or without dosing) during 3 months. Physicochemical parameters (pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), nutrients, metals, and antibiotics), the microbial communities dynamics (through 16S high-throughput sequencing) and antibiotic resistance genes removal (qPCR) were monitored in influents and effluents. Systems removed 85.8%\u201396.9% of organic matter (as COD), over 98.1% of ammonium and phosphate ions, and 69.3%\u201399.4% of nitrate and nitrite ions, with no significant differences between the presence or absence of antibiotics. Removal of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cr exceeded 82% in all treatment cycles. The treatment also removed oxytetracycline, sulfadiazine and ofloxacin over 99%, and decreased <jats:italic>intl1, tetA, tetW<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>sul1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic> gene copies. Nonetheless, after 3\u2009months of ofloxacin dosing, <jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic> gene started being detected. Removal processes relied on high HRT (14\u2009days) and various mechanisms including sorption, biodegradation, and precipitation. Microbial community diversity in liquid digestate changed significantly after treatment in constructed wetlands with a decrease in the initial Firmicutes dominance, but with no clear effect of antibiotics on the microbial community structure. Removals above 85% and 94% were observed for <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Clostridium,<\/jats:italic> respectively. Results suggest that vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands were a suitable technology for treating the liquid digestate to reuse it in irrigation agricultural systems, contributing to the circular bioeconomy concept. However, a more profound understanding of effective wastewater treatment strategies is needed to avoid antibiotic resistance genes dissemination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1388895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T19:22:56Z","timestamp":1718133776000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Removal of metals and emergent contaminants from liquid digestates in constructed wetlands for agricultural reuse"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Pau","family":"Porras-Socias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Paola","family":"Tomasino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joana P.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexandre B.","family":"De Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gavin","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlos R.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C. Marisa R.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Mucha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2016.11.005","article-title":"Comprehensive characterization of the liquid fraction of digestates from full-scale anaerobic co-digestion","volume":"59","author":"Akhiar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2016.11.021","article-title":"Constructed wetlands for the removal of metals from livestock wastewater \u2013 can the presence of veterinary antibiotics affect removals?","volume":"137","author":"Almeida","year":"","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2017.02.035","article-title":"Can veterinary antibiotics affect constructed wetlands performance during treatment of livestock wastewater?","volume":"102","author":"Almeida","year":"","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.001269","article-title":"A comprehensive list of bacterial pathogens infecting humans","volume":"168","author":"Bartlett","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2022.128039","article-title":"Dynamics of microbial community in response to co-feedstock composition in anaerobic digestion","volume":"364","author":"Blasco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.06.274","article-title":"Contamination of organic nutrient sources with potentially toxic elements, antibiotics and pathogen microorganisms in relation to P fertilizer potential and treatment options for the production of sustainable fertilizers: A review","author":"Bloem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116642","article-title":"Removing chemical and biological pollutants from swine wastewater through constructed wetlands aiming reclaimed water reuse","volume":"326","author":"B\u00f4to","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.02.027","article-title":"Potential of constructed wetlands microcosms for the removal of veterinary pharmaceuticals from livestock wastewater","volume":"134","author":"Carvalho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2012.218","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of several veterinary pharmaceuticals in effluents from urban, livestock and slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plants using a simple chromatographic method","volume":"66","author":"Cavenati","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159008","article-title":"Effect of erythromycin on epiphytic bacterial communities and water quality in wetlands","volume":"856","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117193","article-title":"Non-conventional water reuse in agriculture: A circular water economy","volume":"199","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107332","article-title":"Sulfonamide-metabolizing microorganisms and mechanisms in antibiotic-contaminated wetland sediments revealed by stable isotope probing and metagenomics","volume":"165","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.01.006","article-title":"Bacterial community shift and antibiotics resistant genes analysis in response to biodegradation of oxytetracycline in dual graphene modified bioelectrode microbial fuel cell","volume":"276","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118251","article-title":"New insight into ammonium oxidation processes and mechanisms mediated by manganese oxide in constructed wetlands","volume":"215","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2022.106703","article-title":"Evaluation of bacterial community in constructed wetlands treating different sources of wastewater","volume":"182","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2013.01.027","article-title":"Constructed wetland treatment of agricultural effluent from an anaerobic digester","volume":"54","author":"Comino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2166\/9781789062267","volume-title":"Nature-based solutions for wastewater treatment: A series of factsheets and case studies","author":"Cross","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.112435","article-title":"Removal efficiency, kinetic, and behavior of antibiotics from sewage treatment plant effluent in a hybrid constructed wetland and a layered biological filter","volume":"288","author":"Dan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0331-1","article-title":"Members of the candidate Phyla radiation are functionally differentiated by carbon-and nitrogen-cycling capabilities","volume":"5","author":"Danczak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17228592","article-title":"Livestock wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands for agriculture reuse","volume":"17","author":"Dias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"18","article-title":"Overview of treatment wetlands","volume-title":"Treatment wetlands","author":"Dotro","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2018.03.090","article-title":"Use of high metal-containing biogas digestates in cereal production \u2013 mobility of chromium and aluminium","volume":"217","author":"Dragicevic","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Regulation (EU) 2020\/741 of the Europeat parliament and of the council of 25 may 2020 on minimum requirements for water reuse","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref26","year":""},{"key":"ref27","year":""},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"Bio-waste in Europe\u2014turning challenges into opportunities","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref29","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1080\/10643380802471076","article-title":"Contaminant removal processes in subsurface-flow constructed wetlands: A review","volume":"40","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref31","author":"Gilbert","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s43705-023-00223-x","article-title":"Ultra-small bacteria and archaea exhibit genetic flexibility towards groundwater oxygen content, and adaptations for attached or planktonic lifestyles","volume":"3","author":"Gios","year":"2023","journal-title":"ISME Commun"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.04.060","article-title":"A review on the application of constructed wetlands for the removal of priority substances and contaminants of emerging concern listed in recently launched EU legislation","volume":"227","author":"Gorito","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref9001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13750-020-0187-x","article-title":"How effective are strategies to control the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in the environment? A systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Goulas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. E?vid."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2016.04.044","article-title":"Optimization of high-rate TN removal in a novel constructed wetland integrated with microelectrolysis system treating high-strength digestate supernatant","volume":"178","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137532","article-title":"Manure anaerobic digestion effects and the role of pre-and post-treatments on veterinary antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes removal efficiency","volume":"721","author":"Gurmessa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124386","article-title":"Improving removal of antibiotics in constructed wetland treatment systems based on key design and operational parameters: A review","volume":"407","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.09.110","article-title":"Removal of antibiotics and resistance genes from swine wastewater using vertical flow constructed wetlands: effect of hydraulic flow direction and substrate type","volume":"308","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2020.213","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals\u2019 removal by constructed wetlands: A critical evaluation and meta-analysis on performance, risk reduction, and role of physicochemical properties on removal mechanisms","volume":"18","author":"Ilyas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Water Health"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.13061","article-title":"Cloacimonadota metabolisms include adaptations in engineered environments that are reflected in the evolutionary history of the phylum","volume":"14","author":"Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2022.107444","article-title":"Nutrient pollution and its remediation using constructed wetlands: insights into removal and recovery mechanisms, modifications and sustainable aspects","volume":"10","author":"Kamilya","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149062","article-title":"Removal, distribution and retention of metals in a constructed wetland over 20 years","volume":"796","author":"Knox","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.3390\/en14041125","article-title":"The effect of antibiotics on mesophilic anaerobic digestion process of cattle manure","volume":"14","author":"Koniuszewska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023060299","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202306.0299.v1","article-title":"Microbial dynamics in anaerobic digestion: A review of operational and environmental factors affecting microbiome composition and function","author":"Kostopoulou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Preprints"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.12.035","article-title":"Anaerobic digestate management, environmental impacts, and techno-economic challenges","volume":"140","author":"Lamolinara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"1","article-title":"The microbiome driving anaerobic digestion and microbial analysis","volume-title":"Advances in Bioenergy","author":"Lim","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.128611","article-title":"Fate of ofloxacin in rural wastewater treatment facility: removal performance, pathways and microbial characteristics","volume":"371","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X18816793","article-title":"Management strategies for anaerobic digestate of organic fraction of municipal solid waste: current status and future prospects","volume":"37","author":"Logan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Waste Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W310","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad407","article-title":"MicrobiomeAnalyst 2.0: comprehensive statistical, functional and integrative analysis of microbiome data","volume":"51","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116028","article-title":"Insights into the fate of antibiotics in constructed wetland systems: removal performance and mechanisms","volume":"321","author":"Lv","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2022.106548","article-title":"Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes from wastewater treated in constructed wetlands","volume":"177","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2016.05.062","article-title":"Treatment performance and greenhouse gas emission of a pilot hybrid constructed wetland system treating digestate liquid fraction","volume":"94","author":"Maucieri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"ref52","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8524","DOI":"10.3390\/su14148524","article-title":"Antibiotic-resistant gene behavior in constructed wetlands treating sewage: a critical review","volume":"14","author":"Monsalves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustain. For."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2016.11.052","article-title":"A novel design for a compact constructed wetland introducing multi-filtration layers coupled with subsurface superficial space","volume":"100","author":"Nakamura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137002","article-title":"Mature wetland ecosystems remove nitrogen equally well regardless of initial planting","volume":"716","author":"Nilsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127495","article-title":"Ecological impact of antibiotics on bioremediation performance of constructed wetlands: microbial and plant dynamics, and potential antibiotic resistance genes hotspots","volume":"424","author":"Ohore","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.164192","article-title":"Microbial community and antibiotic resistance gene distribution in food waste, anaerobic digestate, and paddy soil","volume":"889","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2022.127217","article-title":"Microbial community and carbon\u2013nitrogen metabolism pathways in integrated vertical flow constructed wetlands treating wastewater containing antibiotics","volume":"354","author":"Qu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref9002","year":"2021","journal-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing [computer software]"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3358","DOI":"10.3390\/su14063358","article-title":"Effects of Enrofloxacin on nutrient removal by a floating treatment wetland planted with Iris pseudacorus: response and resilience of rhizosphere microbial communities","volume":"14","author":"Ramdat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147368","article-title":"Performance of full scale constructed wetlands in removing antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes","volume":"786","author":"Sabri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2019.01.007","article-title":"Potential of constructed wetland for the removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria from livestock wastewater","volume":"129","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2021.102311","article-title":"Hybrid wastewater treatment system based in a combination of high rate algae pond and vertical constructed wetland system at large scale","volume":"43","author":"Sa\u00faco","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Water Process Engineer"},{"key":"ref2","author":"Seadi","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.136629","article-title":"Degradation of fluoroquinolones in rural domestic wastewater by vertical flow constructed wetlands and ecological risks assessment","volume":"398","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10621","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-04184-4","article-title":"Effects of antibiotics on nitrogen uptake of four wetland plant species grown under hydroponic culture","volume":"26","author":"Tong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2020.104931","article-title":"Presence and fate of micropollutants during anaerobic digestion of sewage and their implications for the circular economy: A short review","volume":"9","author":"Venegas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2006.09.014","article-title":"Removal of nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands","volume":"380","author":"Vymazal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2020.105962","article-title":"Removal of nutrients in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment through plant harvesting \u2013 biomass and load matter the most","volume":"155","author":"Vymazal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00009","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00009-15","article-title":"Improved bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V4 and V4-5) and fungal internal transcribed spacer marker gene primers for microbial community surveys","volume":"1","author":"Walters","year":"2016","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.128742","article-title":"Anaerobic digestate valorization beyond agricultural application: current status and prospects","volume":"373","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2021.104274","article-title":"Simulated root exudates stimulate the abundance of Saccharimonadales to improve the alkaline phosphatase activity in maize rhizosphere","volume":"170","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845725","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.845725","article-title":"A review on microorganisms in constructed wetlands for typical pollutant removal: species, function, and diversity","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20032672","article-title":"Digestate from agricultural biogas plants as a reservoir of antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance genes\u2014implications for the environment","volume":"20","author":"Wolak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref74","volume-title":"A compendium of standards for wastewater reuse in the eastern Mediterranean","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.09.047","article-title":"Sanitation in constructed wetlands: A review on the removal of human pathogens and fecal indicators","volume":"541","author":"Wu","year":"","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/elsc.201500030","article-title":"Treatment of pig manure liquid digestate in horizontal flow constructed wetlands: effect of aeration","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"","journal-title":"Eng. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.158550","article-title":"A critical review on retaining antibiotics in liquid digestate: potential risk and removal technologies","volume":"853","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.117640","article-title":"Facilitated methanogenesis involved in anaerobic digestion of dairy manure by soil","volume":"236","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D643","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1209","article-title":"The SILVA and \u201call-species living tree project (LTP)\u201d taxonomic frameworks","volume":"42","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153516","article-title":"Enhanced removal of heavy metals and metalloids by constructed wetlands: A review of approaches and mechanisms","volume":"821","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4281","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19074281","article-title":"Removal of sulfonamide resistance genes in fishery reclamation mining subsidence area by zeolite","volume":"19","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11293","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11826-5","article-title":"Metagenomic insight into the microbial networks and metabolic mechanism in anaerobic digesters for food waste by incorporating activated carbon","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150092","article-title":"Sediments alleviate the inhibition effects of antibiotics on denitrification: functional gene, microbial community, and antibiotic resistance gene analysis","volume":"804","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138338","article-title":"Nutrient removal, methane and nitrous oxide emissions in a hybrid constructed wetland treating anaerobic digestate","volume":"733","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1388895\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T19:23:09Z","timestamp":1718133789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1388895\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"references-count":85,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1388895"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1388895","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"article-number":"1388895"}}