{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T21:38:35Z","timestamp":1772660315328,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder commonly characterized by motor impairments. The development of mobile health (m-health) technologies, such as wearable and smart devices, presents an opportunity for the implementation of clinical tools that can support tasks such as early diagnosis and objective quantification of symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study evaluates a framework to monitor motor symptoms of PD patients based on the performance of standardized exercises such as those performed during clinic evaluation. To implement this framework, an m-health tool named Monipar was developed that uses off-the-shelf smart devices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An experimental protocol was conducted with the participation of 21 early-stage PD patients and 7 healthy controls who used Monipar installed in off-the-shelf smartwatches and smartphones. Movement data collected using the built-in acceleration sensors were used to extract relevant digital indicators (features). These indicators were then compared with clinical evaluations performed using the MDS-UPDRS scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results showed moderate to strong (significant) correlations between the clinical evaluations (MDS-UPDRS scale) and features extracted from the movement data used to assess resting tremor (i.e., the standard deviation of the time series: <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.772, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and data from the pronation and supination movements (i.e., power in the band of 1\u20134\u2009Hz: <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.662, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that the proposed framework could be used as a complementary tool for the evaluation of motor symptoms in early-stage PD patients, providing a feasible and cost-effective solution for remote and ambulatory monitoring of specific motor symptoms such as resting tremor or bradykinesia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1326640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T14:16:36Z","timestamp":1701958596000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Monipar: movement data collection tool to monitor motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease using smartwatches and smartphones"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Luis","family":"Sigcha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Polvorinos-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N\u00e9lson","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Arezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Gago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chaiwoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"de Arcas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Pav\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14108","article-title":"Parkinson disease","volume":"27","author":"Balestrino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16305-8","article-title":"Parkinson's disease","volume":"363","author":"Samii","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-181474","article-title":"The emerging evidence of the Parkinson pandemic","volume":"8","author":"Dorsey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a008862","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a008862","article-title":"The history 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