{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T18:32:26Z","timestamp":1773685946504,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Mol. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>miR-134 has been widely reported as upregulated in experimental and human studies of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy the most common drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Studies have shown that the use of antagomirs, anti-miR-134, may be a promising therapeutic approach to these epilepsies. However, data on miR-134 in other epileptic syndromes is scarce. In this study, we aimed to quantify serum levels of miR-134 in a cohort of patients with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy-Hippocampal Sclerosis (MTLE-HS) and with Genetic Generalized Epilepsies (GGE). Additionally, we explored the correlation between miR-134 serum levels and clinical parameters, such as age at onset or febrile seizures antecedents, to evaluate its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target in epilepsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>miR-134 levels were evaluated in cell-free serum of 131 patients with epilepsy (75 women, 56 men; age 41.10\u202f\u00b1\u202f13.12\u202fyears; 72 with DRE) and 42 healthy individuals (25 women, 17 men; age 42.40\u202f\u00b1\u202f9.80\u202fyears). The epilepsy cohort included 77 MTLE-HS patients and 54 GGE patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with elevated miR-134 circulating levels were at higher risk of drug-resistant epilepsy (OR [95% CI]\u202f=\u202f2.246 [1.111\u20134.539], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.021). Other risk factors included an older age (OR [95% CI]\u202f=\u202f1.032 [1.004\u20131.061], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.025), history of febrile seizures (OR [95% CI]\u202f=\u202f2.994 [1.385\u20136.471], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.005) and higher disease duration (OR [95% CI]\u202f=\u202f1.038 [1.011\u20131.066], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.006). The strongest predictor of DRE was hippocampal sclerosis (OR [95% CI]\u202f=\u202f10.338 [4.566\u201323.404], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001). Circulating miR-134 levels were significantly higher in MTLE-HS patients compared to controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05) and GGE patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). However, the clinical utility of miR-134 in discriminating MTLE-HS patients from controls was only moderated (AUC\u202f=\u202f0.651\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.051 95% CI 0.551\u20130.751, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.007).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We show that miR-134 circulating levels are associated with DRE, especially in MTLE-HS, a syndrome characterized by severe hippocampal damage, consistent with activity-regulated miR-134 expression. This overexpression likely contributes to disease progression and our results support the potential of targeting miR-134 as a novel therapeutic approach for refractory epilepsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2024.1512860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T06:44:10Z","timestamp":1734504250000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Circulating miR-134 in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: implications in hippocampal sclerosis development and drug resistance"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Guerra Leal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Sam\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Martins-Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Chor\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Ramalheira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Martins da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Pinho e Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2015.00059","article-title":"miRNAs: biological and clinical determinants in epilepsy","volume":"8","author":"Alsharafi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. 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