{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T22:23:29Z","timestamp":1776378209342,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current prognosis in oncology is reduced to the tumour stage and performance status, leaving out many other factors that may impact the patient\u00b4s management. Prognostic stratification of early stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with poor prognosis after surgery is of considerable clinical relevance. The objective of this study was to identify clinical factors associated with long-term overall survival in a real-life cohort of patients with stage I-II NSCLC and develop a prognostic model that identifies features associated with poor prognosis and stratifies patients by risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a cohort study including 505 patients, diagnosed with stage I-II NSCLC, who underwent curative surgical procedures at a tertiary hospital in Madrid, Spain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Median OS (in months) was 63.7 (95% CI, 58.7-68.7) for the whole cohort, 62.4 in patients submitted to surgery and 65 in patients submitted to surgery and adjuvant treatment. The univariate analysis estimated that a female diagnosed with NSCLC has a 0.967 (95% CI 0.936 - 0.999) probability of survival one year after diagnosis and a 0.784 (95% CI 0.712 - 0.863) five years after diagnosis. For males, these probabilities drop to 0.904 (95% CI 0.875 - 0.934) and 0.613 (95% CI 0.566 - 0.665), respectively. Multivariable analysis shows that sex, age at diagnosis, type of treatment, ECOG-PS, and stage are statistically significant variables (p&amp;lt;0.10). According to the Cox regression model, age over 50, ECOG-PS 1 or 2, and stage ll are risk factors for survival (HR&amp;gt;1) while adjuvant chemotherapy is a good prognostic variable (HR&amp;lt;1). The prognostic model identified a high-risk profile defined by males over 71 years old, former smokers, treated with surgery, ECOG-PS 2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of the present study found that, overall, adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with the best long-term OS in patients with resected NSCLC. Age, stage and ECOG-PS were also significant factors to take into account when making decisions regarding adjuvant therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1074337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T12:40:48Z","timestamp":1677156048000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clinical factors influencing long-term survival in a real-life cohort of early stage non-small-cell lung cancer patients in Spain"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Torrente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro A.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gracinda 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