{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T08:52:36Z","timestamp":1773391956633,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by the pinewood nematode (PWN)\n                      <jats:italic>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , is a major threat to conifer forests worldwide and severely impacts\n                      <jats:italic>P. pinaster<\/jats:italic>\n                      Ait in the Iberian Peninsula. Although this species is highly susceptible to PWD, previous studies revealed genetic variability in response to PWN, suggesting potential for breeding programs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, we assessed the susceptibility of five half-sib families and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a linear mixed model to identify genomic regions associated with\n                      <jats:italic>P. pinaster<\/jats:italic>\n                      response to PWN. A panel of 510 plants was inoculated under controlled conditions, and disease progression was quantified using the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in the 510-panel using a customized SNP array.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant family differences in susceptibility were detected, and six SNPs were associated with AUDPC, which mapped to genes involved in chloroplast function, immune signaling, and stress response. Notably, the genetic architecture of the response included both epistatic interactions between two\n                      <jats:italic>loci<\/jats:italic>\n                      and overdominance in susceptibility at two additional loci, highlighting the significant role of non-additive genetic effects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings provide insights into the polygenic architecture of PWN response and identify candidate markers that, after validation, could support marker-assisted selection for maritime pine breeding programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1765158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T06:47:23Z","timestamp":1773384443000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genome-wide association study reveals genomic regions associated with Pinus pinaster response to pinewood nematode"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Vera","family":"In\u00e1cio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BioISI \u2013 Instituto de Biosistemas e Ci\u00eancias Integrativas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Modesto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioISI \u2013 Instituto de Biosistemas e Ci\u00eancias Integrativas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]},{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa","place":["Oeiras, Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Vila-Verde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioISI \u2013 Instituto de Biosistemas e Ci\u00eancias Integrativas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Milhinhos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa","place":["Oeiras, Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Cabezas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Forestales, Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC) (ICIFOR-INIA, CSIC)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"Cervera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Forestales, Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC) (ICIFOR-INIA, CSIC)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Carrasquinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria","place":["Oeiras, Portugal"]}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lia M.","family":"Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioISI \u2013 Instituto de Biosistemas e Ci\u00eancias Integrativas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.70527","article-title":"Accumulation of phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate inhibits the excessive infection of rhizobia in Lotus japonicus","volume":"248","author":"Akamatsu","year":"2025","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-083123-090055","article-title":"Alternative splicing dynamics in plant adaptive responses to stress","volume":"76","author":"Alhabsi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annu. 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