{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T22:20:39Z","timestamp":1776291639544,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/118226\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/118226\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/99752\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/99752\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]],"date-time":"2017-09-21T04:29:11Z","timestamp":1505968151000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Are the Fathers Alright? A Systematic and Critical Review of Studies on Gay and Bisexual Fatherhood"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Francis A.","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Tasker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Salinas-Quiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro A.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1300\/J082v32n02_02","article-title":"Comparing the impact of homosexual and heterosexual parents on children: meta-analysis of existing research","volume":"32","author":"Allen","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Homosex."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9450.00302","article-title":"Outcomes for children with lesbian or gay parents. A review of studies from 1978 to 2000","volume":"43","author":"Anderssen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand. J. Psychol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1080\/1550428X.2011.537202","article-title":"Adoptive gay fathers: transformations of the masculine homosexual self","volume":"7","author":"Armesto","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. GLBT Fam. Stud."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.31.1.124","article-title":"Sexual orientation of adult sons of gay fathers","volume":"3","author":"Bailey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1177\/0192513X12464872","article-title":"The desire to marry and attitudes toward same-gender family legalization in a sample of Italian lesbians and gay men","volume":"35","author":"Baiocco","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Fam. Iss."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.53841\/bpslg.2002.3.1.3","article-title":"Gay fathers and their children: what we know and what we need to know","volume":"3","author":"Barrett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lesb. Gay Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-013-0059-6","article-title":"How statewide LGB policies go from \u201cunder our skin\u201d to \u201cinto our hearts\u201d: fatherhood aspirations and psychological well-being among emerging adult sexual minority men","volume":"43","author":"Bauermeister","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1300\/J461v01n03_01","article-title":"From the margins to the center: gay fathers reconstruct the fathering role","volume":"1","author":"Benson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. GLBT Fam. Stud."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/15504281003704942","article-title":"Gay men who become fathers via surrogacy:the transition to parenthood","volume":"6","author":"Bergman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. GLBT Fam. Stud."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1300\/J461v03n02_07","article-title":"A sociohistorical analysis of gay men's procreative consciousness","volume":"3","author":"Berkowitz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. GLBT Fam. Stud."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/1550428X.2011.537227","article-title":"\u201cIt was the Cadillac of adoption agencies\u201d: intersections of social class, race, and sexuality in gay men's adoption narratives","volume":"7","author":"Berkowitz","year":"","journal-title":"J. GLBT Fam. Stud."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1525\/si.2011.34.4.514","article-title":"Maternal instincts, biological clocks, and soccer moms: gay men's parenting and family narratives","volume":"34","author":"Berkowitz","year":"","journal-title":"Symb. Inter."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2007.00371.x","article-title":"Gay men: negotiating procreative, father, and family identities","volume":"69","author":"Berkowitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Marr. Fam."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2010.00714.x","article-title":"Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Families","volume":"72","author":"Biblarz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Marr. Fam."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2009.00678.x","article-title":"How does the gender of parents matter?","volume":"72","author":"Bibarz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Marr. Fam."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1300\/J082v18n01_08","article-title":"The value of children to gay and heterosexual fathers","volume":"18","author":"Bigner","year":"","journal-title":"J. Homosex."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1300\/J082v18n01_09","article-title":"Parenting behaviors of homosexual and heterossexual fathers","volume":"18","author":"Bigner","year":"","journal-title":"J. Homosex."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1300\/J082v23n03_07","article-title":"Adult responses to child behavior and attitudes toward fathering: gay and nongay fathers","volume":"23","author":"Bigner","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Homosex."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.08.013","article-title":"Gay father surrogacy families: relationship with surrogates and egg donors and parental disclosure of children's origins","volume":"106","author":"Blake","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1080\/15504280802191772","article-title":"Gay men becoming fathers: a model of identity expansion","volume":"4","author":"Brinamen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. GLBT Fam. Stud."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1375\/anft.31.4.356","article-title":"Planned gay father families in kinship arrangements","volume":"31","author":"Bos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aus. N.Z. J. Fam. Ther."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2307\/584068","article-title":"Gay fathers: how and why they disclose their homosexuality to their children","volume":"29","author":"Bozett","year":"1980","journal-title":"Fam. Relat."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1981.tb01404.x","article-title":"Gay fathers: evolution of the gay father identity","volume":"51","author":"Bozett","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthopsych."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3149\/jms.2203.222","article-title":"\u201cBut he can't be gay\u201d: the relationship between masculinity and homophobia in father-son relationship","volume":"22","author":"Bucher","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Men Stud."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1002\/casp.673","article-title":"Sameness and difference in research on lesbian parenting","volume":"12","author":"Clarke","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Comm. Appl. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"B26","volume-title":"Discrimination on Grounds of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Europe","year":"2011"},{"key":"B27","volume-title":"Masculinities","author":"Connell","year":"2005"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1177\/0192513X16683985","article-title":"Modern families: parenting desire, intention, and experience among Portuguese lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals","volume":"38","author":"Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Fam. Iss."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.17575\/rpsicol.v26i1.262","article-title":"Same-sex parenting: State of the artand search for normalization","volume":"26","author":"Costa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psicologia"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1300\/J082v30n04_04","article-title":"The attitudes of undergraduate college students toward gay parenting","volume":"30","author":"Crawford","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Homosex."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.2307\/585554","article-title":"A descriptive empirical study of gay male stepfamilies","volume":"42","author":"Crosbie-Burnett","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fam. Relat."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1080\/15504280802177615","article-title":"A meta-analysis of developmental outcomes s for children of same-sex and heterosexual parents","volume":"4","author":"Crowl","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. GLBT Fam. Stud."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1300\/J461v01n04_01","article-title":"An exploratory investigation of gay stepfathers' perceptions of their role","volume":"1","author":"Current-Juretschko","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. GLBT Fam. Stud."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.5172\/jfs.2012.18.2-3.155","article-title":"Gay male couples' paternal involvement in lesbian-parented families","volume":"18","author":"Dempsey","year":"","journal-title":"J. Fam. Stud."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1177\/1363460711433735","article-title":"More like a donor or more like a father? Gay men's concepts of relatedness to children","volume":"18","author":"Dempsey","year":"","journal-title":"Sexualities"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/14636778.2012.735859","article-title":"Surrogacy, gay male couples and the significance of biogenetic paternity","volume":"32","author":"Dempsey","year":"2013","journal-title":"New Genet. Soc."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1080\/10926750903313310","article-title":"Making the decision: factors influencing gay men's choice of an adoption path","volume":"12","author":"Downing","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adopt. Q."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1080\/19359705.2012.653255","article-title":"The removal of homosexuality from the DSM: its impact on today's marriage equality debate","volume":"16","author":"Dresher","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Gay Lesbian Ment. Health"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1080\/1550428X.2013.858611","article-title":"Gay men choosing to co-parent with heterosexual women","volume":"10","author":"Erera","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. GLBT Fam. Stud."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1080\/1550428X.2015.1102668","article-title":"Gay dads are happier: subjective well-being among gay and heterosexual fathers","volume":"12","author":"Erez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. GLBT Fam. Stud."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/1550428X.2013.869486","article-title":"Children and adolescents with same-gender parents: a meta-analytic approach in assessing outcomes","volume":"11","author":"Fedewa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. GLBT Fam. Stud."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1080\/10888691.2010.500958","article-title":"Parenting and child development in adoptive families: does parental sexual orientation matter?","volume":"14","author":"Farr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Develop. Sci."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1177\/0959-353506062972","article-title":"The national lesbian family study: 1. Interviews with prospective mothers","volume":"66","author":"Gartrell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GatesG. BadgettM. MacomberJ. ChambersK. Williams InstituteAdoption and Foster Care by Gay and Lesbian Parents in the United States2007","DOI":"10.1037\/e690872011-001"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/15504280802096872","article-title":"Adaptation and transformation: the transition to adoptive parenthood for gay male couples","volume":"4","author":"Gianino","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. GLBT Fam. Stud."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3149\/fth.1002.119","article-title":"Gay fathers' negotiation of gender role strain: a qualitative inquiry","volume":"10","author":"Giesler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fathering"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3729.2011.00687.x","article-title":"Why parenthood, and why now? Gay men's motivations for pursuing parenthood","volume":"61","author":"Goldberg","year":"","journal-title":"Fam. Relat."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-012-0198-3","article-title":"Gender-typed play behavior in early childhood: adopted children with lesbian, gay, and heterosexual parents","volume":"67","author":"Goldberg","year":"","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"B49","first-page":"319","article-title":"Gay fathers","volume-title":"The Role of the Father in Child Development","author":"Golombok","year":"2010"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12155","article-title":"Adoptive gay father families: parent-child relationship and chidren's psychological adjustment","volume":"85","author":"Golombok","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/0022-4537.00164","article-title":"Sexual prejudice and gender: do heterosexuals' attitudes toward lesbian and gay men differ?","volume":"56","author":"Herek","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Soc. Iss."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-4556-2_10","article-title":"Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and the question of gender","volume-title":"LGBT-Parent Families","author":"Hicks","year":"2013"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/10502556.2013.780501","article-title":"Boundary ambiguity in gay stepfamilies: perspectives of gay biological fathers and their same-gender partners","volume":"54","author":"Jenkins","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Div. Remarr."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023815","article-title":"Int\u00e9gration des identit\u00e9s homosexuelle et paternelle chez les p\u00e8res gais","volume":"45","author":"Julien","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can. J. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"B55","first-page":"71","article-title":"Omogenitorialit\u00e0: I risultati di una ricerca italiana","volume":"4","author":"Lelleri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dif. Soc."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s13178-012-0081-6","article-title":"Social Climate for sexual minorities predicts well-being among heterosexual offspring of lesbian and gay parents","volume":"9","author":"Lick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex. Res. Soc. Policy"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1300\/J056v11n01_03","article-title":"Heterosexual undergraduates' attitudes toward gay fathers and their children","volume":"8","author":"McLeod","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Psychol. Hum. Sex."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.2307\/583517","article-title":"Gay fathers and their children","volume":"28","author":"Miller","year":"1979","journal-title":"Fam. Coord."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1037\/sgd0000203","article-title":"No differences? Meta-analytic comparisons of psychological adjustment in children of gay fathers and heterosexual parents","volume":"4","author":"Miller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. Sex. Orient. Gend. Div."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1177\/0192513X13484272","article-title":"The desire for parenthood: gay men choosing to become parents through surrogacy","volume":"34","author":"Murphy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Fam. Iss."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1080\/1550428X.2014.947461","article-title":"Child care responsability in gay male-parented families: predictive and correlative factors","volume":"11","author":"Panozzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. GLBT Fam. Stud."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01679.x","article-title":"Children of lesbian and gay parents","volume":"63","author":"Patterson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.31.1.115","article-title":"Families of the lesbian baby boom: parents' division of labor and chidren's adjustment","volume":"31","author":"Patterson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-9035-1_7","article-title":"Children of lesbian and gay parents","volume":"19","author":"Patterson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Child Psychol."},{"key":"B65","first-page":"103","article-title":"Gay fathers' pathways to parenthood: International Perspectives","volume":"22","author":"Patterson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Fam. Res."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922816632346","article-title":"Experiences of children with gay fathers","volume":"55","author":"Perrin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Pediatr."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192513X16676859","article-title":"Becoming gay fathers through transnational commercial surrogacy","author":"Petersen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Fam. Iss."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1080\/00377310009517608","article-title":"Parenting experiences of three self-identified gay fathers","volume":"70","author":"Peterson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Smith Coll. Stud. Soc. Work"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.40.4.508","article-title":"Through Colombian lenses: etnographic and conventional analyses of maternal care and their associations with secure base behavior","volume":"40","author":"Posada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.5172\/jfs.2012.18.2-3.143","article-title":"Gay and bisexual dads and diversity: fathers in the work, love, play study","volume":"18","author":"Power","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Fam. Stud."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.3149\/fth.1003.314","article-title":"\u201cYou try to be superman and you don't have to be\u201d: gay adoptive fathers' challenges and tensions in balancing work and family","volume":"10","author":"Richardson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fathering"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.5172\/hesr.451.17.3.226","article-title":"Lesbian mothers, gay male sperm donors, and community: ensuring the well-being of children and families","volume":"17","author":"Riggs","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Sociol. Rev."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.5172\/hesr.451.17.3.313","article-title":"Australian sperm donors: public image and private motives of gay, bi-sexual and heterosexual donors","volume":"17","author":"Ripper","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Sociol. Rev."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017941","article-title":"Parenting intentions and desires among childless among childless lesbian, gay, and heterosexual individuals","volume":"24","author":"Riskind","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Fam. Psychol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1982.55.3f.1055","article-title":"Sex role orientation of gay fathers versus non-gay fathers","volume":"55","author":"Robinson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Percept. Mot. Skills"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1300\/J461v01n03_02","article-title":"Gay fathers expanding the possibilities for us all","volume":"1","author":"Schacher","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. GLBT Fam. Stud."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029471","article-title":"The gap between fatherhood and couplehood desires among Israeli gay men and estimations of their likelihood","volume":"26","author":"Shenkman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Fam. Psychol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1177\/0192513X13489300","article-title":"\u201cKids are joy\u201d: psychological welfare among Israeli gay fathers","volume":"35","author":"Shenkman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Fam. Iss."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1037\/fam0000213","article-title":"The association between self-perceived role and meaning in life among gay and heterosexual fathers","volume":"30","author":"Shenkman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Fam. Psychol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7028.33.4.361","article-title":"Contemporary fathers reconstructing masculinity: clinical implications of gender role strain","volume":"33","author":"Silverstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prof. Psychol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2008.08.005","article-title":"Adult attachment style dimensions in women who have gay or bisexual fathers","volume":"23","author":"Sirota","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Psychiatr. Nurs."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1984.54.3.999","article-title":"Family backgrounds of gay fathers: a descriptive study","volume":"54","author":"Skeen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1080\/00224498509551246","article-title":"Gay fathers' and gay nonfathers' relationship with their parents","volume":"21","author":"Skeen","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Sex Res."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/1363460706060687","article-title":"Gay male parenthood and the decline of paternity as we knew it","volume":"9","author":"Stacey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sexualities"},{"key":"B85","volume-title":"Unhitched: Love, Marriage, and Family Values from West Hollywood to Western China","author":"Stacey","year":"2011"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2657413","article-title":"(How) Does the sexual orientation of parents matter?","volume":"66","author":"Stacey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. Sociol. Rev."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-016-0691-9","article-title":"Social attitudes toward adoption by same-sex couples in Europe","volume":"45","author":"Tak\u00e1cs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200506000-00012","article-title":"Lesbian mothers, gay fathers, and their children: a review","volume":"26","author":"Tasker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Develop. Behav. Pediatr."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-4556-2_1","article-title":"Lesbian and gay parenting post-heterosexual divorce and separation","volume-title":"LGBT-Parent Families - Innovations in Research and Implications for Practice","author":"Tasker","year":"2013"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1375\/anft.31.4.326","article-title":"\u2018Coming out tales\u2019: adult sons and daughters' feelings about their gay father's sexual identity","volume":"31","author":"Tasker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aus. N.Z. J. Fam. Ther."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1300\/J461v03n02_02","article-title":"Research on gay and lesbian parenting: retrospect and prospect","volume":"3","author":"Tasker","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. GLBT Fam. Stud."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/1550428X.2012.641373","article-title":"Gay fathers in mixed-orientation relationships: experiences of those who stay in their marriages and of those who leave","volume":"8","author":"Tornello","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. GLBT Fam. Stud."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/1550428X.2013.878681","article-title":"Timing of parenthood and experiences of gay fathers: a life course perspective","volume":"11","author":"Tornello","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. GLBT Fam. Stud."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024480","article-title":"Predictors of parenting stress among gay adoptive fathers in the United States","volume":"25","author":"Tornello","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Fam. Psychol."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/1550428X.2015.1018471","article-title":"Division of labor and relationship quality among male sex-sex couples who became fathers via surrogacy","volume":"11","author":"Tornello","year":"","journal-title":"J. GLBT Fam. Stud."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1037\/sgd0000109","article-title":"Division of labor among gay fathers: associations with parent, couple, and child adjustment","volume":"4","author":"Tornello","year":"","journal-title":"Psychol. Sex. Orient. Gender Div."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1375\/anft.31.4.311","article-title":"Two dads: gay male parenting and its politicization - a cooperative inquiry action research study","volume":"31","author":"Tuazon-McCheyne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aus. N.Z. J. Fam. Ther."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/fare.12118","article-title":"Reminders of heteronormativity: gay adoptive fathers navigating uninvited social interactions","volume":"64","author":"Vinjamuri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fam. Relat."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3149\/fth.1303.245","article-title":"\u201cIt's so important to talk and talk:\u201d how gay adoptive fathers respond to their children's encounters with heteronormativity","volume":"13","author":"Vinjamuri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fathering"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/1550428X.2011.537242","article-title":"Making room for daddies: male couples creating families through adoption","volume":"7","author":"Wells","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. GLBT Fam. Stud."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01636\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]],"date-time":"2023-08-26T05:30:39Z","timestamp":1693027839000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01636\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]]},"references-count":100,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01636"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01636","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]]},"article-number":"1636"}}