{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T18:44:42Z","timestamp":1767206682194,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Research on juvenile delinquency and adolescent maladjustment indicates that the beginning of these processes is found in the relationship between multiple risk factors at the individual, family and community levels in this population. The objective of this research was to analyze the risk factors related to the transition from the child welfare system to the adolescent justice system in a group of Chilean male adolescents (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009108), aged 14\u201318\u2009years, grouped according to their membership in the child welfare system, the adolescent justice system or both systems. Through a quantitative methodology, variables associated with risk factors were examined by means of the Risk and Resource Evaluation Form FER-R and the Risk and Criminogenic Needs Inventory IRNC instruments. Logistic regression analysis found that the adolescent population within the child welfare system was more likely to enter the adolescent justice system if the following risk factors were present: weak family supervision, consumption of drugs, socially maladaptive peer relationships, and risky free time. These results emphasize that child welfare system interventions should focus on parental support and the management of socio-community networks to prevent re-entry of the adolescent population into the justice system.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1194294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T21:57:30Z","timestamp":1689285450000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The transition of Chilean adolescents from the child welfare system to the adolescent justice system: a continuation or an accumulation of adverse factors?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Viviana","family":"Zambrano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Salazar-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","author":"Alarc\u00f3n","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.23923\/j.rips.2018.01.015","article-title":"Personalidad y gravedad delictiva en adolescentes con conducta antisocial persistente","volume":"9","author":"Alarc\u00f3n","year":"2017","journal-title":"Revist. Iberoameric. Psicol. Salud"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19020756","article-title":"Examining the factor structure of a risk assessment inventory in young offenders: FER-R, risk and resource assessment form","volume":"19","author":"Alarc\u00f3n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref5","author":"Alarc\u00f3n","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.11144\/Javeriana.upsy11-4.vpie","article-title":"Validez predictiva del instrumento Evaluaci\u00f3n de Riesgos y Recursos (FER-R) para la intervenci\u00f3n en adolescentes infractores de ley: estudio preliminar","volume":"11","author":"Alarc\u00f3n","year":"2012","journal-title":"Universit Psychol"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"7","article-title":"Ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as egresados de la Red de Protecci\u00f3n de Sename que ingresan a medidas de Justicia Juvenil","volume":"9","author":"\u00c1lvarez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Revista Se\u00f1ales"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"6","article-title":"Factores de riesgo asociados para ingresar al circuito de Justicia Juvenil del Sename","volume":"7","author":"\u00c1lvarez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Revista Se\u00f1ales"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.03.015","article-title":"Building a framework for global surveillance of the public health implications of adverse childhood experiences","volume":"39","author":"Anda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"The level of service inventory-revised","author":"Andrews","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.01.020","article-title":"Change trajectories of aggressive behavior among children in long-term residential care","volume":"65","author":"Attar-Schwartz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"12","article-title":"The prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) in the lives of juvenile offenders","volume":"3","author":"Baglivio","year":"2014","journal-title":"OJJDP J. Juvenile Justice"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2015.04.012","article-title":"The relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and juvenile offending trajectories in a juvenile offender sample","volume":"43","author":"Baglivio","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Crim. Just."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1063426612470514","article-title":"Delinquency and recidivism: a multicohort, matched-control study of the role of early adverse experiences, mental health problems, and disabilities","volume":"22","author":"Barrett","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Emot. Behav. Disord."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s12103-010-9088-9","article-title":"Child maltreatment, placement strategies, and delinquency","volume":"36","author":"Baskin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Crim. Justice"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2017.01.006","article-title":"Unraveling the link between maltreatment and juvenile antisocial behavior: a meta-analysis of prospective longitudinal studies","volume":"33","author":"Braga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aggress. Violent Behav."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2011.04.030","article-title":"A longitudinal analysis of some risk and protective factors in marijuana use by adolescents receiving child welfare services","volume":"33","author":"Cheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref19","author":"Chesta","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02608.x","article-title":"Annual research review: resilient functioning in maltreated children--past, present, and future perspectives","volume":"54","author":"Cicchetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.5093\/in2011v20n2a2","article-title":"Efectos de la Exposici\u00f3n de los Adolescentes a la Violencia en la Comunidad: El Proyecto MORE","volume":"20","author":"Cooley-Strickland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychosoc. Interv."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.08.019","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences, allostasis, allostatic load, and age-related disease","volume":"106","author":"Danese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"78","article-title":"Missouri's crossover youth: examining the relationship between their maltreatment history and their risk of violence","volume":"1","author":"Dannerbeck","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Juvenile Just."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1177\/14773708211013300","article-title":"The association between child maltreatment and juvenile delinquency in the context of situational action theory: crime propensity and criminogenic exposure as mediators in a sample of European youth?","volume":"20","author":"Doelman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Criminol."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e778","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0597","article-title":"Adolescent violence perpetration: associations with multiple types of adverse childhood experiences","volume":"125","author":"Duke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01342.x","article-title":"The twelfth Jack Tizard memorial lecture. The development of offending and antisocial behaviour from childhood: key findings from the Cambridge study in delinquent development","volume":"36","author":"Farrington","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.11144\/Javeriana.upsy12-3.pccp","article-title":"Problemas de comportamiento y competencias psicosociales en ni\u00f1os y adolescentes institucionalizados","volume":"12","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Daza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Univers Psychol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011","article-title":"Trauma changes everything: examining the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and serious, violent and chronic juvenile offenders","volume":"46","author":"Fox","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"ref29","volume-title":"D\u00e9linquances et d\u00e9linquants","author":"Fr\u00e9chette","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12232","article-title":"Sexual risk-taking among recently emancipated female Foster youth: sexual trauma and failed family reunification experiences","volume":"26","author":"Gonzalez-Blanks","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Res. Adolesc."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1177\/1541204012463409","article-title":"From child welfare to juvenile justice: race, gender, and system experiences","volume":"11","author":"Goodkind","year":"2013","journal-title":"Youth Violence Juvenile Justice"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110100866","article-title":"Exploring neighborhood influences on small-area variations in intimate partner violence risk: a Bayesian random-effects modeling approach","volume":"11","author":"Gracia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref33","volume-title":"Doorways to delinquency: Multi-system involvement of delinquent youth in King County","author":"Halemba","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559517720726","article-title":"Impact of childhood adversity and out-of-home placement for male adolescents who have engaged in sexually abusive behavior","volume":"23","author":"Hall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Maltreat."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s40865-018-0083-z","article-title":"Accumulating (dis)advantage: do social bonds mediate the relationship between multiple childhood adversities and persistent offending?","volume":"4","author":"Humphrey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dev Life Course Criminol."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2007.01.009","article-title":"High-risk youth transitions to adulthood: a longitudinal view of youth leaving the residential education in Finland","volume":"29","author":"Jahnukainen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2005.10.015","article-title":"Residential education: examining a new approach for improving outcomes for foster youth","volume":"28","author":"Jones","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2015.09.001","article-title":"Differences in risk and protective factors between crossover and non-crossover youth in juvenile justice","volume":"58","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"141","article-title":"The development of male offending: key findings from the first decade of the Pittsburgh youth study","volume":"7","author":"Loeber","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stud. Crime Prevent."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2018.01.006","article-title":"The maltreatment-violence link: exploring the role of maltreatment experiences and other individual and social risk factors among young people who offend","volume":"55","author":"Malvaso","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Crim. Just."},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"111","article-title":"Maltrato infantil y violencia familiar: Exposici\u00f3n dual y efectos en la transgresi\u00f3n adolescente","volume":"33","author":"Maneiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Revista Mexic. Psicol."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2014.10.017","article-title":"Gang involvement among street-involved youth in a Canadian setting: a gender-based analysis","volume":"129","author":"Marshall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.6018\/analesps.428631","article-title":"Estudio de las necesidades en el ajuste personal, social y psicol\u00f3gicoen adolescentes en riesgo de delincuencia e infractores","volume":"36","author":"Mayorga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anales Psicol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1177\/0022427811415284","article-title":"Unsafe at any age: linking childhood and adolescent maltreatment to delinquency and crime","volume":"49","author":"Mersky","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Res. Crime Delinq."},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"49","article-title":"Factores asociados a la interrupci\u00f3n y mantenimiento de conductas delictivas: \u201cUn estudio con adolescentes atendidos por el Programa de Intervenci\u00f3n Integral Especializada de la comuna de Osorno, Chile\u201d","volume":"59","author":"Miranda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Revista Criminalidad"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.100.4.674","article-title":"Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: a developmental taxonomy","volume":"100","author":"Moffitt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2013.06.016","article-title":"Community characteristics and child sexual assault: social disorganization and age","volume":"42","author":"Mustaine","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Crim. Just."},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"249","article-title":"Taxonom\u00eda de la delincuencia adolescente con base en evidencia chilena","volume-title":"Psicolog\u00eda jur\u00eddica, conocimiento y pr\u00e1ctica","author":"P\u00e9rez-Luco","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00111287221148656","article-title":"Risk factors of poly-victimization and the impact on delinquency in youth: a systematic review","author":"Pires","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crime Delinq"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128710372191","article-title":"The ties that bind: desistance from gangs","volume":"60","author":"Pyrooz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crime Delinq."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.46381\/reic.v6i0.34","article-title":"Individuos, sociedades y oportunidades en la explicaci\u00f3n y prevenci\u00f3n del delito: Modelo del Triple Riesgo delictivo (TRD)","volume":"6","author":"Redondo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Revista Espa\u00f1. Investig. Criminol."},{"key":"ref53","volume-title":"Manual para el tratamiento psicol\u00f3gico de los delincuentes. Madrid, Espa\u00f1a: Ediciones Pir\u00e1mide","author":"Redondo","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.1957","article-title":"Predicting the transition from juvenile delinquency to adult criminality: gender-specific influences in two high-risk samples","volume":"26","author":"Rhoades","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crim. Behav. Mental Health"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11600\/rlcsnj.19.1.4645","article-title":"Caracterizaci\u00f3n psicosocial y criminol\u00f3gica de adolescentes chilenos con pr\u00e1cticas abusivas sexuales","volume":"19","author":"Salazar-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Revista Latinoamericana Ciencias Soc. Ni\u00f1ez Y Juventud"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"25","article-title":"Las competencias parentales en la familia contempor\u00e1nea: descripci\u00f3n, promoci\u00f3n y evaluaci\u00f3n","volume":"49","author":"Sall\u00e9s","year":"2011","journal-title":"Educ. Soc."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716205280574","article-title":"Developmental criminology and its discontents: trajectories of crime from childhood to old age","volume":"602","author":"Sampson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Acad. Pol. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref58","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Teruel","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-015-9573-y","article-title":"Resilience among older adolescents in foster care: the impact of risk and protective factors","volume":"14","author":"Shpiegel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Heal. Addict."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2009.01390.x","article-title":"Placement in Foster Care enhances quality of attachment among young institutionalized children","volume":"81","author":"Smyke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2014.08.007","article-title":"Do childhood experiences of neglect affect delinquency among child welfare involved-youth?","volume":"46","author":"Snyder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2018.1527397","article-title":"Background, experience of abuse, and mental health among adolescents in out-of-home care: a cross-sectional study of a Swedish high school national sample","volume":"73","author":"Tord\u00f6n","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nord. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2012.01.015","article-title":"A national study of risk and protective factors for substance use among youth in the child welfare system","volume":"37","author":"Traube","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-010-9370-y","article-title":"Foster Care placement, poor parenting, and negative outcomes among homeless young adults","volume":"19","author":"Tyler","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Child Fam. Stud."},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"201","article-title":"Proceso de inadaptaci\u00f3n social","volume-title":"\u201cEl ambiente de la inadaptaci\u00f3n\u201d, cap\u00edtulo VI","author":"Valverde","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X15613992","article-title":"The relationship between adverse childhood experiences and recidivism in a sample of juvenile offenders in community-based treatment","volume":"61","author":"Wolff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Offender Ther. Comp. Criminol."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.26.2.231","article-title":"Children placed in out-of-home care: risk factors for involvement with the juvenile justice system","volume":"26","author":"Yampolskaya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Violence Vict."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2017.08.009","article-title":"Foster care beyond placement: offending outcomes in emerging adulthood","volume":"53","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Crim. Just."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1177\/1541204020939643","article-title":"Is the Foster Care-crime relationship a consequence of exposure? Examining potential moderating factors","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Youth Violence Juvenile Justice"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1177\/001440291107700302","article-title":"Adolescents with disabilities in the juvenile justice system: patterns of recidivism","volume":"77","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Except. Child."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1462134","type":"corrigendum","label":"Corrigendum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721865600000}}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1194294\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T11:02:28Z","timestamp":1721905348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1194294\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1194294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1194294","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"article-number":"1194294"}}