{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:28:09Z","timestamp":1753892889373,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019370","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, significantly increasing in the last three decades. Worldwide, seven to ten million people are affected by PD. In people living with PD, freezing of gait (FoG) significantly impacts activities of daily living, potentially leading to falls, injuries, and loss of autonomy. FoG prevalence rates vary widely, reaching at least 50% of patients with PD. Current therapeutic options have limited effectiveness, and their complement with innovative technology-based solutions in the real world is demanded to enhance daily functioning for people living with PD. This article provides a narrative review of current technological developments for people living with PD and, derived from that evidence, presents a perspective on integrating wearable technology and IoT to support telemonitoring and self-management of people living with PD in their daily living environment. Complementing current therapeutic options with technology-based solutions in PD patients' real-world environment is crucial to enhancing the quality of life of people living with PD. In that way, wearable technology and IoT might constitute resources of excellence in seamless monitoring and self-management in people's home environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.861621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T06:00:32Z","timestamp":1655704832000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Wearable Walking Assistant for Freezing of Gait With Environmental IoT Monitoring: A Contribution to the Discussion"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Rafael A.","family":"Bernardes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Filipa","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Isabel","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2009.2036165","article-title":"Wearable assistant for Parkinson's disease patients with the freezing of gait symptom","volume":"14","author":"B\u00e4chlin","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3414\/ME09-02-0003","article-title":"Wearable system to assist walking of Parkinson's disease patients","volume":"49","author":"B\u00e4chlin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Methods Inf Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11030295","article-title":"One year trajectory of caregiver burden in Parkinson's disease and analysis of gender-specific aspects","volume":"11","author":"Klietz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-020-0117-1","article-title":"Current and projected future economic burden of Parkinson's disease in the US","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurger.2012.01.006","article-title":"A low-cost intervention for improving gait in Parkinson's disease patients: a cane providing visual cues","volume":"3","author":"Buated","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11040612","article-title":"Treatment options for motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease","volume":"11","author":"Church","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-021-02944-0","article-title":"Early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease based on non-motor symptoms: a descriptive and factor analysis","author":"Kuresan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrleng.2014.10.016","article-title":"Motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease and their impact on quality of life on different clinical subgroups","volume":"31","author":"Berganzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000355","article-title":"Treating the motor symptoms of Parkinson disease","volume":"22","author":"Morgan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Continuum."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-021-00262-y","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein oligomers and small nerve fiber pathology in skin are potential biomarkers of Parkinson's disease","volume":"7","author":"Vacchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.22038\/aojnmb.2017.8844","article-title":"99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT imaging in early and late onset Parkinson's disease","volume":"5","author":"Sasannezhad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asia Ocean J Nucl Med Biol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00846","article-title":"Effects of an innovative telerehabilitation intervention for people with Parkinson's disease on quality of life, motor and non-motor abilities","volume":"11","author":"Isernia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00170","article-title":"Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease and their impact on quality of life in a cohort of Moroccan patients","volume":"9","author":"Tibar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v88i3.6063","article-title":"Current trends in etiology, prognosis and therapeutic aspects of Parkinson's disease: a review","volume":"88","author":"Jagadeesan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Biomed."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crbeha.2021.100049","article-title":"Non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: opening new avenues in treatment","volume":"2","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Behav Sci"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00041-1","article-title":"Freezing of gait: a practical approach to management","volume":"14","author":"Nonnekes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568841","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.568841","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical features of FOG in Chinese PD patients, a multicenter and cross-sectional clinical study","volume":"12","author":"Gan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25683","article-title":"Characterizing freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: models of an episodic phenomenon","volume":"28","author":"Nieuwboer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mov Disord."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.3390\/app7100986","article-title":"An overview of smart shoes in the internet of health things: gait and mobility assessment in health promotion and disease monitoring","volume":"7","author":"Eskofier","year":"2017","journal-title":"App Sci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.3390\/s21010214","article-title":"Low-cost IoT-based sensor system: a case study on harsh environmental monitoring","volume":"21","author":"Sunny","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2015.2461555","article-title":"An emerging era in the management of Parkinson's disease: wearable technologies and the internet of things","volume":"19","author":"Pasluosta","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.3390\/s20092713","article-title":"Wearable solutions for patients with Parkinson's disease and neurocognitive disorders: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Channa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3390\/s21010128","article-title":"Foot pressure wearable sensors for freezing of gait detection in Parkinson's disease","volume":"21","author":"Marcante","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2013.10.134","article-title":"Evaluation of a visual biofeedback on the postural control in Parkinson's disease","volume":"44","author":"Caudron","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.04.034","article-title":"Auditory cueing in Parkinson's patients with freezing of gait. What matters most: action-relevance or cue-continuity?","volume":"87","author":"Young","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2011.12.0255","article-title":"Laser light visual cueing for freezing of gait in Parkinson disease: a pilot study with male participants","volume":"50","author":"Bunting-Perry","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00939","article-title":"The contribution of proprioceptive information to postural control in elderly and patients with Parkinson's disease with a history of falls","volume":"8","author":"Bekkers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci."},{"journal-title":"System and Method for Alleviating Freezing Gait and Gait Hypokinesia in Users with Extrapyramidal Disorders","year":"2015","author":"Gerpen","key":"B28"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2015.11.006","article-title":"Effect of three cueing devices for people with Parkinson's disease with gait initiation difficulties","volume":"44","author":"McCandless","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gait Posture."},{"journal-title":"Movement Initation Device Used in Parkinson's Disease and Other Disorders Which Affect Muscle Control","year":"2002","author":"Mcloul","key":"B30"},{"volume-title":"Walking Assistance Method and Apparatus.","year":"","author":"Shim","key":"B31"},{"volume-title":"Intelligent Wearable Monitor Systems and Methods","year":"2005","author":"Akay","key":"B32"},{"volume-title":"Wearable Vibratory Stimulation Device and Operational Protocol Thereof","year":"2014","author":"Chun","key":"B33"},{"volume-title":"Walking Aid System","year":"2011","author":"Miyake","key":"B34"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26673","article-title":"A clinical view on the development of technology-based tools in managing Parkinson's disease","volume":"31","author":"Maetzler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mov Disord."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2016.02.004","article-title":"Objectively quantifying walking ability in degenerative spinal disorder patients using sensor equipped smart shoes","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1159\/000369095","article-title":"Wearable sensor-based in-home assessment of gait, balance, and physical activity for discrimination of frailty status: baseline results of the Arizona frailty cohort study","volume":"61","author":"Schwenk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gerontology."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.irbm.2014.02.004","article-title":"Smart diabetic socks: embedded device for diabetic foot prevention","volume":"35","author":"Perrier","year":"2014","journal-title":"IRBM."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2016.07.001","article-title":"Wearable sensors for gait pattern examination in glaucoma patients","volume":"46","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microprocess Microsyst."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23814683211021380","DOI":"10.1177\/23814683211021380","article-title":"Patient-centered Parkinson's disease","volume":"6","author":"Benz","year":"2021","journal-title":"MDM Policy Pract."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26723","article-title":"New methods for the assessment of Parkinson's disease (2005 to 2015): a systematic review","volume":"31","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Ferro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mov Disord."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.3390\/s21062246","article-title":"Early detection of freezing of gait during walking using inertial measurement unit and plantar pressure distribution DATA","volume":"21","author":"Pardoel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11111136","article-title":"Effect of foot orthoses and shoes in Parkinson's disease patients: a PRISMA systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Reina-Bueno","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pers Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-202398","article-title":"Domotics, smart homes, and Parkinson's disease","volume":"11","author":"Simonet","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5468","DOI":"10.3390\/s19245468","article-title":"Cueing paradigms to improve gait and posture in Parkinson's disease: a narrative review","volume":"19","author":"Muthukrishnan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sensors."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.04.103","article-title":"Patient monitoring system based on internet of things","volume":"83","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Comp Sci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEPE.2014.6969965","article-title":"Adopting the internet of things technologies in health care systems","author":"Chiuchisan","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAEE.2017.8255410","article-title":"Real time patient monitoring system based on internet of things","volume":"2017","author":"Uddin","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.3390\/s19061277","article-title":"Technological review of wearable cueing devices addressing freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease","volume":"19","author":"Sweeney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sensors."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2701431","article-title":"GaitAssist: a wearable assistant for gait training and rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease","volume":"5","author":"Mazilu","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACM Trans Interact Intell Syst."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.861621\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T06:00:41Z","timestamp":1655704841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.861621\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2022.861621"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.861621","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-2565"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"article-number":"861621"}}