{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T12:15:55Z","timestamp":1769170555703,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although there are many studies on the health effects of methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity during <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic> and early development, little is known about its effects on mineralized tissues present in the oral cavity, such as enamel structure. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of MeHg exposure on the physico-chemical, ultrastructural and functional properties of mature tooth enamel. Specifically, we studied offspring of mothers exposed to MeHg during the prenatal and postnatal periods which are the developmental stages associated with tooth enamel formation. Female rats were exposed to MeHg at a dose of 40 \u03bcg\/kg\/day for 42 days of pregnancy and lactation. The enamel of offspring was analyzed by (1) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Raman to assess physicochemical composition, (2) Scanning Electron Microscopy for ultrastructural evaluation, (3) Transmitted Polarizing Light Microscopy for analysis of the enamel extracellular matrix, and (4) resistance and hardness were evaluated by microhardness. The results showed that MeHg exposure during this sensitive enamel formation period induced changes in inorganic and organic content and enamel prisms ultrastructure alterations and disturbed the organic extracellular matrix due to a decreased enamel strength. These novel findings establish for the first time that maternal exposure to MeHg pre and postnatal promoted relevant changes in mature enamel of their offspring rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1183308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T18:28:36Z","timestamp":1688149716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Maternal methylmercury exposure during early-life periods adversely affects mature enamel structure of offspring rats at human exposure levels: a concern for oral health"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Vict\u00f3ria Santos","family":"Chemelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leonardo Oliveira","family":"Bittencourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Priscila Cunha","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mayra Frasson","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alberto Carlos Botazzo","family":"Delbem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juliano Pelim","family":"Pessan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexandre Ribeiro","family":"do Esp\u00edrito Santo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alan Rodrigo Leal","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R\u00f4mulo Sim\u00f5es","family":"Ang\u00e9lica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Elena","family":"Crespo-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Pessanha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Aschner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rafael Rodrigues","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2022.101865","article-title":"Impact of heavy metals on the environment and human health: novel therapeutic insights to counter the toxicity","volume":"34","author":"Mitra","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Sci."},{"key":"ref2","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106223","article-title":"Mercury: what can we learn from the Amazon?","volume":"146","author":"Crespo-Lopez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2022.113210","article-title":"Translational relevance for in vitro\/in vivo models: a novel approach to mercury dosing","volume":"166","author":"Crespo-Lopez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"Global mercury assessment 2018 United Nations Environment Programme","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ant.2022.04.003","article-title":"Mercury neurotoxicity in gold miners","volume":"7","author":"Crespo-Lopez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Neurotoxicol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7466","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-2680-7","article-title":"Comparative study of mercury speciation in commercial fishes of the Brazilian Amazon","volume":"21","author":"Rodr\u00edguez Mart\u00edn-Doimeadios","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-020-00868-3","article-title":"Methylmercury toxic mechanism related to protein degradation and chemokine transcription","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2020.213343","article-title":"Sulfhydryl groups as targets of mercury toxicity","volume":"417","author":"Ajsuvakova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Coord Chem Rev"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460508","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/460508","article-title":"Mercury toxicity and treatment: a review of the literature","volume":"2012","author":"Bernhoft","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Environ Public Health"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111686","article-title":"Human neurotoxicity of mercury in the Amazon: a scoping review with insights and critical considerations","volume":"208","author":"Santos-Sacramento","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010111","article-title":"From molecules to behavior in long-term inorganic mercury intoxication: unraveling proteomic features in cerebellar neurodegeneration of rats","volume":"23","author":"Bittencourt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2018.09.004","article-title":"Low doses of methylmercury exposure during adulthood in rats display oxidative stress, neurodegeneration in the motor cortex and lead to impairment of motor skills","volume":"51","author":"Santana","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Med Biol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1039\/c8mt00297e","article-title":"Proteomic approach underlying the hippocampal neurodegeneration caused by low doses of methylmercury after long-term exposure in adult rats","volume":"11","author":"Bittencourt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3707","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02492-2","article-title":"Imaging microstructural damage and alveolar bone loss in rats systemically exposed to Methylmercury: first experimental evidence","volume":"199","author":"de Oliveira Lopes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-017-1230-9","article-title":"Methylmercury intoxication promotes Metallothionein response and cell damage in salivary glands of rats","volume":"185","author":"Lima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2021.126747","article-title":"Metabolic and oxidative impairments in human salivary gland cells line exposed to MeHg","volume":"66","author":"Nogueira","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Med Biol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02409-z","article-title":"Methylmercury-induced Toxicopathologic findings in salivary glands of offspring rats after gestational and Lactational exposure","volume":"199","author":"Nascimento","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"ref19","volume-title":"Assessment of prenatal exposure to mercury: Standard operating procedures","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2021.126820","article-title":"Salivary parameters alterations after early exposure to environmental methylmercury: a preclinical study in offspring rats","volume":"68","author":"Nascimento","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Med Biol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.136453","article-title":"In utero and lactational exposure to methylmercury elicits physical-chemical and morphological damages in the alveolar bone of offspring rats: the first toxicological findings","volume":"308","author":"Chemelo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11114","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.11114","article-title":"Methylmercury-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative biochemistry impairment in dental pulp stem cells: the first toxicological findings","volume":"9","author":"De Souza-Rodrigues","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"116","article-title":"Influence of trace elements on dental enamel properties: a review","volume":"67","author":"Qamar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4383","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12185-7","article-title":"The hidden structure of human enamel","volume":"10","author":"Beniash","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00030.2016","article-title":"Dental enamel formation and implications for oral health and disease","volume":"97","author":"Lacruz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4743","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S107624","article-title":"Demineralization-remineralization dynamics in teeth and bone","volume":"11","author":"Abou Neel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.38.1.lg8272w848644621","article-title":"Lead exposure and its relation to dental caries in children","volume":"38","author":"Pradeep","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"Oral health in America: advances and challenges","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-020-00237-z","article-title":"Dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children\u2019s worldwide, 1995 to 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Kazeminia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Head Face Med"},{"key":"ref30","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2017.08.008","article-title":"Structural, mechanical and chemical evaluation of molar-incisor hypomineralization-affected enamel: a systematic review","volume":"83","author":"Elhennawy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"104","article-title":"The teeth","volume-title":"The rat in laboratory investigation","author":"Schour","year":"1949"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.2535\/ofaj1936.53.5_279","article-title":"Development and growth of the tooth germs of rats","volume":"53","author":"Nagai","year":"1976","journal-title":"Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2018.05.016","article-title":"Infant Oral health","volume":"65","author":"Brecher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin N Am"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3000411","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000411","article-title":"Reporting animal research: explanation and elaboration for the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0","volume":"18","author":"Percie du Sert","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"12910","volume-title":"Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5233","DOI":"10.1021\/pr400356v","article-title":"Chronic exposure of adult rats to low doses of methylmercury induced a state of metabolic deficit in the somatosensory cortex","volume":"12","author":"Kong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2009.08.007","article-title":"Neurobehavioral effect of chronic and bolus doses of methylmercury following prenatal exposure in C57BL\/6 weanling mice","volume":"31","author":"Liang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2015.07.001","article-title":"The effects of methylmercury exposure on behavior and biomarkers of oxidative stress in adult mice","volume":"50","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.15-0069","article-title":"Histomorphometry of the tibia and mandible of healthy female Wistar rats at different stages of growth","volume":"65","author":"Nenda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Anim"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/ecc.12740","article-title":"The biology of normal bone remodelling","volume":"26","author":"Katsimbri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Care"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14501","article-title":"Binge-like exposure during adolescence induces detrimental effects in alveolar bone that persist in adulthood","volume":"45","author":"Maia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2016.08.036","article-title":"Vibrational monitor of early demineralization in tooth enamel after in vitro exposure to phosphoridic liquid","volume":"173","author":"Pezzotti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spectrochim Acta Part"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12029","article-title":"Morphology of the dentin structure of sloths Bradypus tridactylus: a light and scanning electron microscopy investigation","volume":"42","author":"Santana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anat Histol Embryol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678-77572006000400008","article-title":"Dental mineralization and salivary activity are reduced in offspring of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)","volume":"14","author":"Elias","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4293","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02420-y","article-title":"Revisiting Astrocytic roles in Methylmercury intoxication","volume":"58","author":"Arrifano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2018.07.018","article-title":"Assessing mercury intoxication in isolated\/remote populations: increased S100B mRNA in blood in exposed riverine inhabitants of the Amazon","volume":"68","author":"De Paula Fonseca Arrifano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2018.00285","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to Neurodegeneration in Amazon: Apolipoprotein E genotyping in vulnerable populations exposed to mercury","volume":"9","author":"Arrifano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.04.069","article-title":"Mercury in fish from the Madeira River and health risk to Amazonian and riverine populations","volume":"109","author":"Soares","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10051015","article-title":"Eating in the Amazon: nutritional status of the riverine populations and possible nudge interventions","volume":"10","author":"Machado","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.02.014","article-title":"Methylmercury exposure during prenatal and postnatal neurodevelopment promotes oxidative stress associated with motor and cognitive damages in rats: an environmental-experimental toxicology study","volume":"9","author":"Fagundes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14050519","article-title":"Mercury in children: current state on exposure through human biomonitoring studies","volume":"14","author":"Ruggieri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1097\/WNN.0b013e3181a72248","article-title":"Prenatal and postnatal mercury exposure, breastfeeding and neurodevelopment during the first 5 years","volume":"22","author":"Marques","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Neurol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.09.066","article-title":"A likely placental barrier against methylmercury in pregnant rats exposed to fish-containing diets","volume":"122","author":"Cambier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.08.079","article-title":"Exposure to lead and mercury through breastfeeding during the first month of life: a CHECK cohort study","volume":"612","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114099","article-title":"Exploring the molecular mechanisms underlie the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated methylmercury-induced neuronal developmental damage","volume":"245","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125586","article-title":"Toxicity of mercury: molecular evidence","volume":"245","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22485","article-title":"The prenatal toxic effect of methylmercury on the development of the appendicular skeleton of rat fetuses and the protective role of vitamin E","volume":"295","author":"Abd El-Aziz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anat Rec (Hoboken)"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4458","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21124458","article-title":"Tooth enamel and its dynamic protein matrix","volume":"21","author":"Gil-Bona","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2014.02.007","article-title":"The tick tock of odontogenesis","volume":"325","author":"Zheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15194","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15194","article-title":"The effect of enamel proteins on erosion","volume":"5","author":"Baumann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2017.03.006","article-title":"Developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in the primary dentition: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12039","article-title":"Developmental enamel defects in the primary dentition: aetiology and clinical management","volume":"58","author":"Salanitri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"325","article-title":"Morphological characteristics of mouse incisor enamel","volume":"189","author":"M\u00f8inichen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2017.05.001","article-title":"The tooth: its structure and properties","volume":"61","author":"Arola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dent Clin N Am"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1080\/05704928.2018.1431923","article-title":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) application chemical characterization of enamel, dentin and bone","volume":"53","author":"Lopes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl Spectrosc Rev"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8035","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-012-6693-7","article-title":"The distribution of carbonate in enamel and its correlation with structure and mechanical properties","volume":"47","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Mater Sci"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2006.00326.x","article-title":"Anisotropic properties of the enamel organic extracellular matrix","volume":"114","author":"do Esp\u00edrito Santo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2010.12.002","article-title":"Human enamel rod presents anisotropic nanotribological properties","volume":"4","author":"Jeng","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12494","article-title":"Influence of tooth bleaching on dental enamel microhardness: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Zanolla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12104","article-title":"Developmental defects of enamel and dentine: challenges for basic science research and clinical management","volume":"59","author":"Seow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1183308\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T18:28:47Z","timestamp":1688149727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1183308\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1183308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1183308","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"article-number":"1183308"}}