{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T22:27:32Z","timestamp":1772317652712,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetes can cause several long-term complications. Knowledge about this disease can play an important role in reducing diabetes-related complications. In addition, the lack of awareness leads to misconceptions, which joined with inadequate knowledge, are relevant barriers to proper diabetes management. In this study, we aimed to assess the diabetes knowledge of a type 2 diabetes (T2D) population and identify major knowledge gaps, in order to prevent complications and to increase quality of life. In a cross-sectional, observational study in a convenience sample, we identified individuals diagnosed with T2D attending ambulatory visits from five health settings, older than 18\u2009years, with a time diagnosis of at least 1\u2009year, and attending multidisciplinary visits for at least 3\u2009months. To assess the knowledge of T2D individuals, we applied the Portuguese version of the Diabetes Knowledge Test. The sample included a total of 1,200 persons, of whom almost half were female. The age range of the participants varied from 24 to 94\u2009years old, and the mean age was 65.6\u2009\u00b1\u200911.4\u2009years. Most of the sample had a level of education under secondary and lived with someone. In our sample, 479 (39.9%) were insulin-treated. The percentage of correct answers was 51.8% for non-insulin vs. 58.7% for insulin treated (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). There were three items with a percentage of correct answers lower than 15%; the item with the lower value of correct answers was the one related to the identification of signs of ketoacidosis with only 4.4% of correct answers, the errors presented a random pattern; the item related to the identification of which food should not be used to treat low blood glucose with 11.9%, where 56.9% of the sample\u2019s participants considered that one cup of skim milk would be the correct answer (53.1% in non-insulin patients and 62.6% in insulin treated patients; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). The item regarding the knowledge of free food presented a 13.3% of correct answers (10.8% non-insulin group vs. 17.1% insulin group; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01). Two of the three items with lower value of correct answers were related to glycemic control and health status monitoring, the other was related to diet and food.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1328001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T04:14:25Z","timestamp":1709871265000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Knowledge about type 2 diabetes: its impact for future management"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Pedro L.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carminda","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sandra Maria","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luiz","family":"Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827615619159","article-title":"Lifestyle and the prevention of type 2 diabetes: a status report","volume":"12","author":"Galaviz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Lifestyle Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e013806","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013806","article-title":"Clinical impact of lifestyle interventions for the prevention of diabetes: an overview of systematic reviews","volume":"6","author":"Howells","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00291-0","article-title":"Long-term effects of lifestyle intervention or metformin on diabetes development and microvascular complications over 15-year follow-up: the diabetes prevention program outcomes study","volume":"3","author":"Nathan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"Health at a Glance 2021: OECD Indicators","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-0278-5","article-title":"Genetics of diabetes mellitus and diabetes complications","volume":"16","author":"Cole","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"1546","article-title":"Complication of diabetes mellitus","volume":"25","author":"Mezil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Rom Soc Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/12-099","article-title":"Understanding the social factors that contribute to diabetes: a means to informing health care and social policies for the chronically ill","volume":"17","author":"Hill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Perm J"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926713","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/926713","article-title":"Genetics of type 2 diabetes: insights into the pathogenesis and its clinical application","volume":"2014","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref10","author":"Blas","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2020.04.007","article-title":"Effectiveness of an education intervention associated with an exercise program in improving disease-related knowledge and health behaviours among diabetes patients","volume":"103","author":"Ghisi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"Programa Nacional para a Diabetes 2019. 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