{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T13:37:02Z","timestamp":1774100222599,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>In \u201cDo-It-Yourself\u201d (DIY) stores, workers from the wood department are considered woodworkers. Given the health risks associated with woodworking, particularly from fungi and their metabolites, this study aims to assess microbial contamination and health risks for both workers and customers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was developed in 13 DIY stores in Lisbon Metropolitan Area, Portugal. It employed a comprehensive sampling approach combining active (MAS-100, Andersen six-stage, Coriolis <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>, and SKC Button Aerosol Sampler) and passive (electrostatic dust collectors, surface swabs, e-cloths, settled dust, filters from vacuumed dust, filtering respiratory protection devices, and mechanical protection gloves) methods to assess microbial contamination. A Lighthouse Handheld Particle Counter HH3016- IAQ was used to monitor the particulate matter size, temperature, and humidity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The wood exhibition area presented the highest fungal load, while the payment area exhibited the highest bacterial load. MAS-100 detected the highest fungal load, and surface swabs had the highest bacterial load. <jats:italic>Penicillium<\/jats:italic> sp. was the most frequently observed fungal species, followed by <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> sp. Mycotoxins, namely mycophenolic acid, griseofulvin, and aflatoxin G1, were detected in settled dust samples and one filter from the vacuum cleaner from the wood exhibition area. Cytotoxicity evaluation indicates the wood-cutting area has the highest cytotoxic potential. Correlation analysis highlights relationships between fungal contamination and particle size and biodiversity differences among sampling methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The comprehensive approach applied, integrating numerous sampling methods and laboratory assays, facilitated a thorough holistic analysis of this specific environment, enabling Occupational and Public Health Services to prioritize interventions for accurate exposure assessment and detailed risk management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1483281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T04:43:57Z","timestamp":1729140237000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Assessment of the microbial contamination in \u201cDo It Yourself\u201d (DIY) stores - a holistic approach to protect workers\u2019 and consumers\u2019 health"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Dias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Pena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Cervantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elisabete","family":"Carolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Twaru\u017cek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Kosicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"A\u0142tyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Liliana Aranha","family":"Caetano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Viegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Viegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12783","article-title":"Indoor air quality in shopping and storage areas","volume":"31","author":"Robert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031144","article-title":"Occupational exposure to wood dust and the burden of nasopharynx and Sinonasal Cancer in Canada","volume":"19","author":"Mofidi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"35","volume-title":"IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog risks hum","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"v","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2005.11.082","article-title":"Impacts of dust on environmental systems and human health","volume":"132","author":"Inyang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s10123-019-00057-5","article-title":"House dust microbiome and human health risks","volume":"22","author":"Shan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Microbiol"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"375","article-title":"The basis of dust sampling in occupational hygiene: a critical review","volume":"24","author":"Vincent","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"ref9","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1202\/0002-8894(2000)061<0727:AOPABI>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Assessment of particulates and bioaerosols in eastern Canadian sawmills","volume":"61","author":"Duchaine","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIHAJ"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"71","article-title":"Exposure to airborne microorganisms in polish sawmills","volume":"8","author":"Dutkiewicz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13488","article-title":"Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in sawmills of eastern France","volume":"123","author":"Jeanvoine","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/526487","article-title":"Occupational health and safety issues in Ontario sawmills and veneer\/plywood plants: a pilot study","volume":"2010","author":"Verma","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Environ Public Health"},{"key":"ref14","author":"Cox","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199704)31:4<385::AID-AJIM3>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"What to do about softwood? 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