{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:33:51Z","timestamp":1753893231583,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Sports Act. Living"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Running in a triathlon, a so-called brick run, is uniquely influenced by accumulated load from its preceding disciplines. Crucially, however, and irrespective of race type, the demands of a triathlon always exceed the sum of its parts. Triathletes of all levels commonly report subjectively perceived incoordination within the initial stages of the cycle run transition (T2). Although minimizing it, and its influence on running kinematics, can positively impact running and overall triathlon performance, the mechanisms behind the T2 effect remain unclear. In the present study, we assessed the influence of the pre-load exercise mode focusing on the biomechanical perspective. To analyze inertial sensor-based raw data from both legs, the so-called Attractor Method was applied. The latter represents a sensitive approach, allowing to quantify subtle changes of cyclic motions to uncover the transient effect, a potentially detrimental transient phase at the beginning of a run. The purpose was to analyze the impact of a pre-load on the biomechanics of a brick run during a simulated Olympic Distance triathlon (without the swimming section). Therefore, we assessed the influence of pre-load exercise mode on running pattern (<jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>M) and precision (<jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>D), and on the length of the transient effect (t<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>) within a 10\u2005km field-based run in 22 well-trained triathletes. We found that <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>D, but not <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>M, differed significantly between an isolated run (I<jats:sub>Run<\/jats:sub>) and when it was preceded by a 40\u2005km cycle (T<jats:sub>Run<\/jats:sub>) or an energetically matched run (R<jats:sub>Run<\/jats:sub>). The average distance ran until overcoming the transient phase (t<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>) was 679\u2005m for T<jats:sub>Run<\/jats:sub>, 450\u2005m for R<jats:sub>Run<\/jats:sub>, and 29\u20054\u2005m for I<jats:sub>Run<\/jats:sub>. The results demonstrated that especially the first kilometer of a triathlon run is prone to an uncoordinated running sensation, which is also commonly reported by athletes. That is, i) the T2 effect appeared more linked to variability in running style than to running style <jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic> ii) run t<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub> distance was influenced by preceding exercise load mode, being greater for a T<jats:sub>Run<\/jats:sub> than for the R<jats:sub>Run<\/jats:sub> condition, and iii) the Attractor Method seemed to be a potentially promising method of sensitively monitoring T2 adaptation under ecologically valid conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2022.1065741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T05:17:55Z","timestamp":1671167875000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Discovering the sluggishness of triathlon running - using the attractor method to quantify the impact of the bike-run transition"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Weich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Barth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nikolai","family":"Killer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Vleck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Erich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Treiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200232060-00001","article-title":"Specific aspects of contemporary triathlon: implications for physiological analysis and performance","volume":"32","author":"Bentley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3390\/sports7050099","article-title":"The rise of elite short-course triathlon Re-emphasises the necessity to transition efficiently from cycling to running","volume":"7","author":"Walsh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3390\/sports9020018","article-title":"Exercise intensity during Olympic-distance triathlon in well-trained age-group athletes: an observational study","volume":"9","author":"Aoyagi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0244-0","article-title":"The impact of triathlon training and racing on Athletes\u2019 general health","volume":"44","author":"Vleck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.34.5.384","article-title":"Physiological and biomechanical adaptations to the cycle to run transition in Olympic triathlon: review and practical recommendations for training","volume":"34","author":"Millet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4869","DOI":"10.3390\/s21144869","article-title":"Comparison of joint kinematics in transition running and isolated running in elite triathletes in overground conditions","volume":"21","author":"Fraeulin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001335","article-title":"Changes in contributions of swimming, cycling, and running performances on overall triathlon performance over a 26-year period","volume":"30","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Strength and Cond Res"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1177\/1747954117738878","article-title":"The relationship of race discipline with overall performance in sprint and standard distance triathlon age-group world championships","volume":"12","author":"Horne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Sports Sci & Coach"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.15406\/mojsm.2017.01.00027","article-title":"Contribution of swimming, cycling and running in the final performance in different distances of triathlon races","volume":"1","author":"Scorcine","year":"2017","journal-title":"MOJSM"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654552","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.654552","article-title":"What is the best discipline to predict overall triathlon performance? 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