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Sports Act. Living"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mental fatigue, induced by prolonged cognitive demands, impairs attention, decision-making, and motor coordination, potentially compromising performance in cognitively demanding sports such as football. This study presents a randomised controlled experimental design pre-test\/post-test protocol designed to investigate the effects of mental fatigue on neurophysiological, visual, technical, and motor performance in football players. Thirty-four athletes (17 men, 17 women; aged \u226518 years; \u22651-year competitive experience) will be randomly assigned to either a cognitive fatigue induction group (30\u2005min Stroop Task) or a low cognitive load control group. Data collection will include EEG (theta and alpha bands), eye tracking (fixation, saccades, pupil dynamics), sport-specific tasks (Loughborough Soccer Passing Test, Y-Shaped Agility Reaction Test), and subjective fatigue ratings (Fatigue Assessment Scale; Visual Analogue Scale). Statistical analyses will encompass intra- and inter-group comparisons, correlation and regression models. By integrating subjective, physiological, and performance indicators in a sport-specific, ecologically valid design, this protocol aims to deepen understanding of how mental fatigue affects performance and to inform individualized monitoring and intervention strategies in high-performance contexts. As a protocol paper, no data are yet available. However, based on previous literature, mental fatigue is expected to be associated with changes in EEG oscillatory activity, less efficient gaze behaviour, and impaired football-specific performance compared to the control condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2026.1788854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T06:52:48Z","timestamp":1774421568000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mental fatigue in football: methodology and experimental protocol"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Diogo","family":"Aveiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick","place":["Limerick, Ireland"]}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Training of Educators and Teachers, Polytechnic University of Coimbra","place":["Coimbra, Portugal"]},{"name":"SPRINT\u2014Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Polytechnic University of Coimbra","place":["Coimbra, Portugal"]},{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es\u2014Delega\u00e7\u00e3o da Covilh\u00e3","place":["Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"]},{"name":"inED\u2014Centre for Research & Innovation in Education, Polytechnic University of Coimbra","place":["Coimbra, Portugal"]}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education Sports and Social Intervention, Polytechnic University of Coimbra","place":["Coimbra, Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Coimbra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education Sports and Social Intervention, Polytechnic University of Coimbra","place":["Coimbra, Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Jos\u00e9","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education Sports and Social Intervention, Polytechnic University of Coimbra","place":["Coimbra, Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education Sports and Social Intervention, Polytechnic University of Coimbra","place":["Coimbra, Portugal"]}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kiely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick","place":["Limerick, Ireland"]}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SPRINT\u2014Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Polytechnic University of Coimbra","place":["Coimbra, Portugal"]},{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es\u2014Delega\u00e7\u00e3o da Covilh\u00e3","place":["Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"]},{"name":"Department of Education Sports and Social Intervention, Polytechnic University of Coimbra","place":["Coimbra, Portugal"]}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0672-0","article-title":"The effects of mental fatigue on physical performance: a systematic review","volume":"47","author":"Van Cutsem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2023.121325","article-title":"Acute effects of foam rolling and dynamic stretching on angle-specific change of direction ability, flexibility and reactive strength in male basketball players","volume":"40","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol Sport"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00889","article-title":"Neuroergonomics: a review of applications to physical and cognitive work","volume":"7","author":"Mehta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000762","article-title":"Mental fatigue impairs soccer-specific physical and technical performance","volume":"48","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-1016-z","article-title":"Mental fatigue in football: is it time to shift the goalposts? 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