{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T07:05:13Z","timestamp":1762931113143,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ssph-journal.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined whether family functioning relates to multisite and chronic musculoskeletal pain in adolescents, a key etiological stage for chronic pain, considering socioeconomic and childhood adversity factors (ACEs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from 1,473 participants were analyzed using the Luebeck Pain Screening Questionnaire at 18 years. Multisite pain was defined as pain in \u22652 sites; chronic musculoskeletal pain as pain in any musculoskeletal site lasting &amp;gt;3 months. Family functioning was assessed via the Brief Family Relationship Scale and categorized as poor, fair, or good. Socioeconomic indicators were collected at baseline, and ACEs at age 13.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of multisite pain was 43%, and chronic pain was 23%. Logistic regression analyses showed that good family functioning was associated with lower odds of multisite pain (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.37, 0.65) and chronic musculoskeletal pain (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.45, 0.86). Socioeconomic indicators had limited effects, though higher maternal occupation was linked to greater multisite pain (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.02, 1.87). Stratified analyses revealed no significant interactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Good family functioning was associated with a lower risk of adolescent pain across socioeconomic contexts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2025.1608929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T07:00:23Z","timestamp":1762930823000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Role of Family Functioning and Socioeconomic Context in Multisite and Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Adolescents: Generation XXI Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Nare","family":"Navasardyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Bernardes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia F.","family":"Oliveira-Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Makram","family":"Talih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003267","article-title":"The Prevalence of Chronic Pain in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review Update and 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